Balance Sheet and Residual Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen in a 6-Year Study With N15

Jansson, Sven L.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196301000-00006

Cited by 61 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…However, the small recovery obtained in this study is comparable to other reported values of 20-26% Chichester and Smith, 1978;Olson, 1980). In this study, low plant recovery of 15N could be explained in terms of ready immobilization of NH4 (Jansson, 1963;Recous et al, 1988a;1988b;Richards and Shrikhande, 1934), the form in which 15N was applied. The incorporation of undecomposed wheat stover from the previous season further encouraged immobilization of fertilizer-N.…”

Section: Plant Recovery Of Fertilizer-nsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…7 kg ha -1 more than the 15N applied as labelled maize material. Jansson (1963) observed that about 1 per cent per year of added fertilizer-N became available for plant uptake during subsequent years and estimated that residual-N had a half-life of 15 to 29 years. Dowdell and Webster (1980) suggested that residual effects of fertilizer-N could remain detectable for a period of 6 -9 years.…”

Section: Plant Recovery Of Fertilizer-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrate leaching (Bergstr6m and Brink, 1986;Chichester and Smith, 1978), denitrification (Knowles, 1981) fixation of ammonium-N by clay (Dhariwal and Stevenson, 1958) and immobilization by the soil biomass (Jansson, 1963) all influence recovery of fertilizer-N by the crop. The extent to which these processes operate depends on fertilization practices, amounts and type of fertilizer-N, and time of application; climatic factors like rainfall and temperature; soil texture and organic matter content; crop characteristics and crop residue management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching and crop recovery of15N from ammonium sulphate and labelled maize (Zea mays) material in lysimeters at a site in Zimbabwe

Kamukondiwa

Bergström

1994

Plant Soil

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The fate of 15N-ammonium sulphate fertilizer that was applied to four lysimeters in the 1990/91 summer was studied over three consecutive growing seasons during which either maize or wheat was grown. Aboveground portions of tSN-labelled maize plants from the first harvest were applied to four other lysimeters at 5 t ha -1. Two lysimeters in each of the sets of four were assigned a low and a high moisture treatment using irrigation. In both moisture treatments, plant recovery of fertilizer-15N in the first season was 27 % and a further 2% was recovered by plants during the next two seasons. During the second and third seasons, total recovery of 15N by aboveground plant portions from lysimeters that received t5N-labelled maize material was equivalent to 2.5% of applied fertilizer-15N. This corresponded to ca. 18% recovery of the 15N added in maize material. Leaching of fertilizer-N over the three growing seasons did not exceed 0.3% in total. During the first season, a maximum of 0.25 kg N ha -I , equivalent to 0.25% of the applied fertilizer-N, was leached in the high moisture treatment. This represented 1.8% of the nitrate load in leachates. Less than 0.002% of the applied fertilizer-N was leached in the low moisture treatment during the first season.

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Section: Plant Recovery Of Fertilizer-nsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Plant Recovery Of Fertilizer-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching and crop recovery of15N from ammonium sulphate and labelled maize (Zea mays) material in lysimeters at a site in Zimbabwe

Kamukondiwa

Bergström

1994

Plant Soil

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“…The use of radioactively labeled organic materials has indicated that the freshly incorporated organic residues first enter the hydrolyzable portion of the humus (5,12,14,15). This fraction, therefore, is said to represent "nutritive" or "active" (table 4).…”

Section: Table 3 "Calcium" Humates and Fulvates Isolated From Humin Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of the Carbon-Dating Method of Analysis to Soil Humus Studies

et al. 1967

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The organic fraction of soil is known to be composed of the soil biomass, partially decomposed plant and animal residues, and the materials commonly referred to as humic substances. Knowledge of the persistence of these fractions in soil is vital to the understanding of their contribution to soil fertility and soil genesis. Much information concerning the biochemistry of the humus materials also could be obtained through a knowledge of the mean residence times of the various organic fractions.The nature of the organic compounds and of the organo-mineral bonds varies from soil to soil; consequently, the relative stability of the organic matter of different soils should also vary (8, 16). Tyurin investigated the nature of the humus of the main soil types of the U.S.S.R. He found that the chernozemic humic acids were relatively complex with a preponderance of calcium humates, which were said to be very stable. In contrast, the humus of podzolic soils was associated primarily with nonsilicate forms of iron and aluminum and consisted of relatively simple organic structures. These were thought to be relatively mobile and unstable (7, 17).The availability of the carbon-dating technique has made it feasible to determine the mean residence time of soil humic fractions (2, 4, 11). Thus, the general postulations concerning the relative stability of the soil humic components can now be tested. Campbell and Paul (3) discussed the factors which affect the accuracy of the carbon-dating method of analysis when applied to soils. Isotopic fractionation of the carbon isotopes results in a fairly constant correction to each apparent mean residence time (m.r.t.). No large error was observed to result from the increase of nuclear-bomb-produced C14 in the atmosphere; other errors were relatively small. The present study was undertaken to utilize the natural C14 activity of the carbon in the various organic fractions to provide an accurate comparison of the relative stability of a number of soil organic matter fractions.

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“…This N becomes progressively less available for mineralization due to chemical and biological stabilization processes (Allen et al, 1973;Broadbent and Nakashima, 1967;Carter and Rennie, 1984b;Legg et al, 1971;Smith et al, 1982). As a consequence, the contribution of the labeled N to subsequent harvests becomes smaller (Fredrickson et al, 1982;Hauck, 1971;Jansson, 1963;Power and Legg, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of15N in the soil-plant system during a four-year field lysimeter study with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) and perennial meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)

Lindberg

Bonde

Bergström³

et al. 1989

Plant Soil

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An annual cereal, barley, and a perennial grass ley, meadow fescue, were grown in field lysimeters in Sweden and fertilized with 12 and 20g Ca(NO3)2-N m -2 yr -~, respectively. Isotope-labeled (15N) fertilizer was added during year 1 of the study, whereafter similar amounts of unlabeled N were added during years 2 and 3. The grass ley lysimeters were ploughed after the growing season of year 3 and sown with barley during year 4. The barley harvest in year 1 removed 59% of the added fertilizer N, while the fertilizer N export by two meadow fescue harvests in year 1 was 65%. The labeled N export decreased rapidly after year 1, especially in the barley, but increased slightly after ploughing of the grass ley.The microbial biomass, measured with the chloroform fumigation method, incorporated a maximum of 1.4-1.7% of the labeled N during the first seven weeks after application. Later on, the incorporation stabilized at less than 1% in both cropping systems.The susceptibility of the residual labeled N to mineralization was evaluated three years after application by means of long-term laboratory incubations. The curves of cumulative mineralized N were described by a two-component first-order regression model that differentiated between an available and a more recalcitrant fraction of potentially mineralizable N. There was no difference in the amounts of potentially mineralizable N between the cropping systems. The labeled N comprised 5 and 2% of the amounts of potentially mineralizable N in the available and more recalcitrant fraction, respectively. The mineralization rate constants for the labeled N were almost twice as high as for the total potentially mineralizable N. The available fraction of the total potentially mineralizable N was 12%, while twice that proportion of the labeled N was available.It was concluded that the short-term ley did not differ from the annual crop with respect to the early disposition of the fertilizer N and the behaviour of the residual organic N. 26Lindberg et al.

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Balance Sheet and Residual Effects of Fertilizer Nitrogen in a 6-Year Study With N15

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Leaching and crop recovery of15N from ammonium sulphate and labelled maize (Zea mays) material in lysimeters at a site in Zimbabwe

Leaching and crop recovery of15N from ammonium sulphate and labelled maize (Zea mays) material in lysimeters at a site in Zimbabwe

Applicability of the Carbon-Dating Method of Analysis to Soil Humus Studies

Distribution of15N in the soil-plant system during a four-year field lysimeter study with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) and perennial meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)

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