Balance of Net Base in the Rat

Wamberg, S.; Hansen, Anne Cathrine Schmidt; Engel, K.; Kildeberg, Poul

doi:10.1159/000241101

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the alkali-loaded animals of group B, the mean rate of renal NB excretion was 18.3 mmol/kg LW per d and taking the average rate of glomerular filtration to be about 3.7 l/kg LW per d (Anderson & Mixner, 1960), it appears that the fractional excretion of filtered NB in this group may have been about 12%. This value, which is almost identical to the value of 13% observed by Voigt & Piatkowski (1974) in alkali-straw-fed cows and similar to the value of 15 % obtained by us in NaHCOJoaded growing rats (Wamberg et al 1978), illustrates the capacity of the mammalian kidney to maintain a normal extracellular electrolyte and acid-base status during Na and NB loading.…”

Section: Efects Of Alkali-loadingsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The present findings are in accordance with the observation by Kellaway et al (1977) that supplementation of the ration with NaHCO, up to about 700 mmol/kg DM is well tolerated by young non-ruminating calves, whereas dietary loading above this level produces frank non-carbonic alkalosis. In a similar study in young growing rats given dietary loads of NaHCO, or sodium citrate (about 50 mmol/kg LW per d), we observed a remarkable increase in Na and NB retention (Wamberg et al 1978), indicating a relative hypermineralization of the skeleton, without any apparent effects on blood acid-base status or rate of body growth. Moreover, according to Brouwer (1935), milk cows may be given dietary alkali loads up to about 30mmol/kg per d for 54d without unfavourable consequences.…”

Section: Efects Of Alkali-loadingsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The distinction between input and output is mathematically arbitrary, depending on a sign convention, and may therefore be based on considerations of physiological control mechanisms. In the case of acid-base metabolism, constancy of the concentration of NB in extracellular fluid is achieved by renal mechanisms (Kildeberg, 1981;Wamberg et al 1983). Accordingly, in studies of the balance of NB the output is by definition the mean rate of renal NB excretion, the input being the mean rate of gain of NB by all extra-renal processes such as gastrointestinal absorption, endogenous production, and distribution between body compartments (see Fig.…”

Section: S W a M B E R G K Engel A N D P S T I G S E Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid-base balance in ruminating calves given sodium hydroxide-treated straw

Wamberg

Engel²,

Stigsen³

1985

Br J Nutr

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1. Studiesofwhole-body balancesof non-metabolizable base(NB)and severalminerals, and of relevant acid-base quantities in blood and urine, were carried out in two 6-month-old ruminating Holstein x Friesian bull calves fed on fixed rations containing 500 g barley straw/kg diet (group A) to examine the quantitatively important components of the balance of NB and determine the rates of mineral and NB retention associated with normal body growth.2. Parallel balance studies were conducted in six other bull calves given fixed rations containing 500 g alkali-treated barley straw/kg diet to evaluate the effects of long-term alkali-straw feeding on the rates of body growth and skeletal mineral and NB deposition and the renal control of extracellular electrolyte and acid-base status. The straw component was treated either with 50 g sodium hydroxide/kg dry matter (DM) (group B; two calves), or with 50 g or 100 g NaOH/kg DM and subsequently neutralized with hydrochloric acid (groups C and D ; two calves per group). In all groups the animals were given free access to tap water.3. Throughout the total 105 d experiment, all animals remained healthy and gained weight. Normal body growth (group A) was associated with a positive balance of NB (1-2 mmol/kg live weight (LW) per d) due to continuing deposition of dietary NB in 'new tissue', largely in the developing skeleton.4. During 105 d alkali-straw feeding, the animals showed a remarkable ability to cope with dietary loads of NaOH or sodium chloride, up to about 30 mmol/kg LW per d, without any significant disturbance of extracellular acid-base and electrolyte status or body growth rate. The surplus mineral and NB loads were absorbed and subsequently excreted in an increased volume of urine. Rates of mineral and NB retention were not significantly different from the reference values of group A and remained within the range of values reported from similar studies. In all groups, maintenance of normal whole blood and plasma acid-base and electrolyte status was accounted for by efficient renal control of the composition of the extracellular fluid compartment.

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Section: Efects Of Alkali-loadingsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Efects Of Alkali-loadingsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: S W a M B E R G K Engel A N D P S T I G S E Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid-base balance in ruminating calves given sodium hydroxide-treated straw

Wamberg

Engel²,

Stigsen³

1985

Br J Nutr

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Improvements of metabolic imbalances after enteral sodium bicarbonate supplementation in infants of very low birth weight (VLBW) (Short communication)

Senger

Boehm

Friedrich

et al. 1987

Nahrung

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One of the main points of clinical care is the catch-up growth of VLBW infants especially those of small gestational age (SGA). The required high amounts of protein are often not tolerated [1]. Metabolic imbalances due to immaturities of protein metabolism are described [2, 3] also in infants SGA feeding amounts of proteins comparable to mature newborns [4]. Remarkable signs of overloading by proteins are the elevation of amino acid and the bile acid concentrations in the serum [3, 5, 6]. In some of those cases [7] late metabolic acidosis (LMA) is to be seen. There is evidence in the literature that sodium bicarbonate influences nitrogen [8] and ionic balances [9] in newborn animals without any signs of acidosis, besides its simple buffer function. The aim of this study was to control changes of metabolic imbalances after bicarbonate supplementation before development of acidosis in predisposed infants. Therefore we determined parameters, which were significantly changed with LMA [6] during two feeding schedules: firstly, during bolus supplementation in infants feeding (2.0 +/- 0.4) g/kg BW.d protein and secondly during chronic supplementation of bicarbonate to (3.0 +/- 0.4) g/kg BW.d protein. In relation to the improvement of the nitrogen balance in growing lambs [7] we supposed comparable effect of bicarbonate on metabolic imbalances caused by protein overloading.

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Oxalate transport by the mouse intestine in vitro is not affected by chronic challenges to systemic acid–base homeostasis

Whittamore

Hatch

2018

Urolithiasis

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In rats, we recently showed how a chronic metabolic acidosis simultaneously reduced urinary oxalate excretion and promoted oxalate secretion by the distal colon leading to the proposition that acid-base disturbances may trigger changes to renal and intestinal oxalate handling. The present study sought to reproduce and extend these observations using the mouse model, where the availability of targeted gene knockouts (KOs) would offer future opportunities to reveal some of the underlying transporters and mechanisms involved. Mice were provided with a sustained load of acid (NHCl), base (NaHCO) or the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (ATZ) for 7 days after which time the impacts on urinary oxalate excretion and its transport by the intestine were evaluated. Mice consuming NHCl developed a metabolic acidosis but urinary oxalate was only reduced 46% and not statistically different from the control group, while provision of NaHCO provoked a significant 2.6-fold increase in oxalate excretion. For mice receiving ATZ, the rate of urinary oxalate excretion did not change significantly. Critically, none of these treatments altered the fluxes of oxalate (or chloride) across the distal ileum, cecum or distal colon. Hence, we were unable to produce the same effects of a metabolic acidosis in mice that we had previously found in rats, failing to find any evidence of the 'gut-kidney axis' influencing oxalate handling in response to various acid-base challenges. Despite the potential advantages offered by KO mice, this model species is not suitable for exploring how acid-base status regulates oxalate handling between the kidney and intestine.

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Balance of Net Base in the Rat

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Acid-base balance in ruminating calves given sodium hydroxide-treated straw

Acid-base balance in ruminating calves given sodium hydroxide-treated straw

Improvements of metabolic imbalances after enteral sodium bicarbonate supplementation in infants of very low birth weight (VLBW) (Short communication)

Oxalate transport by the mouse intestine in vitro is not affected by chronic challenges to systemic acid–base homeostasis

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