Bait Methods for Tsetse Fly Control

Ch, Green

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60140-2

Cited by 102 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans, G. swinnertoni, and G. austeni) 4 traps or targets per km 2 , baited with attractants, are considered sufficient to reduce tsetse populations by ≈ 95% in non-isolated populations or to eliminate an isolated population as demonstrated by field trials (Vale et al, 1986;Vale et al, 1988;Dransfield et al, 1990). Riverine (palpalis) flies (G. fuscipes and G. tachinoides in the study region) are relatively unresponsive to odours and higher densities of baits are therefore required (Green, 1994. The restriction of riverine vegetation to watercourses does, however, limit the actual area where baits need to be deployed.…”

Section: Stationary Baits -Targets and Trapsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mapping the benefit-cost ratios of interventions against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa

Shaw

Wint

Cecchi³

et al. 2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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This study builds upon earlier work mapping the potential benefits from bovine trypanosomosis control and analysing the costs of different approaches. Updated costs were derived for five intervention techniques: trypanocides, targets, insecticide-treated cattle, aerial spraying and the release of sterile males. Two strategies were considered: continuous control and elimination. For mapping the costs, cattle densities, environmental constraints, and the presence of savannah or riverine tsetse species were taken into account. These were combined with maps of potential benefits to produce maps of benefit-cost ratios. The results illustrate a diverse picture, and they clearly indicate that no single technique or strategy is universally profitable. For control using trypanocide prophylaxis, returns are modest, even without accounting for the risk of drug resistance but, in areas of low cattle densities, this is the only approach that yields a positive return. Where cattle densities are sufficient to support it, the use of insecticidetreated cattle stands out as the most consistently profitable technique, widely achieving benefit-cost ratios above 5. In parts of the high-potential areas such as the mixed farming, high-oxen-use zones of western Ethiopia, the fertile crescent north of Lake Victoria and the dairy production areas in western and central Kenya, all tsetse control strategies achieve benefit-cost ratios from 2 to over 15, and for elimination strategies, ratios from 5 to over 20. By contrast, in some areas, notably where cattle densities are below 20 per km 2 , the costs of interventions against tsetse match or even outweigh the benefits, especially for control scenarios using aerial spraying or the deployment of targets where both savannah and riverine flies are present. If the burden of human African trypanosomosis were factored in, the benefit-cost ratios of some of the low-return areas would be considerably increased. Comparatively, elimination strategies give rise to higher benefit-cost ratios than do those for continuous control. However, the costs calculated for elimination assume problem-free, large scale operations, and they rest on the outputs of entomological models that are difficult to validate in the field. Experience indicates that the conditions underlying successful and sustained elimination campaigns are seldom met. By choosing the most appropriate thresholds for benefit-cost ratios, decision-makers and planners can use the maps to define strategies, assist in prioritising areas for intervention, and help choose among intervention techniques and approaches. The methodology would have wider applicability in analysing other disease constraints with a strong spatial component.

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Section: Stationary Baits -Targets and Trapsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mapping the benefit-cost ratios of interventions against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa

Shaw

Wint

Cecchi³

et al. 2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Ironically, however the revival of bait methods to control tsetse was led by Claude Laveissière and co-workers in West Africa who used unbaited traps to control Palpalis group species in sleeping sickness foci of Ivory Coast (see Table 2 in Green 1994). These operations were initiated in the late 1970s, some four years before the first large-scale use of odour-baited traps and targets (see Table 1 in Green 1994). Nonetheless, for the purposes of this review we focus mainly on the use of odour baits against Morsitans group species.…”

Section: Attacking Tsetse With Attractantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Kgori et al 2006, Willemse 1991. For further details of control operations based on the use of odour-baited traps and targets, see reviews by Green (1994), Hargrove (2003) and .…”

Section: Use Of Odour Baits To Control Morsitans Group Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, while targets must be deployed over large (>500 km 2 ) areas to control savannah species, experience with the use of baits against riverine species shows that relatively small-scale (<100 km 2 ) interventions can have a major impact on tsetse and sleeping sickness (see examples in Green 1994, andGrébaut 2003). In general, their more restricted distribution and lower densities make populations of Palpalis group species more amenable to control.…”

Section: Tsetse Caught In Different Traps In the Environs Of A Singmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Takken¹,

Knols²

2010

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“…(Green 1994;Mwangelwa et al 1995), even though some species like G. tachinoides and G. brevipalpis in these tsetse Xy groups respond well to some mixtures. However, since the initial isolation of semiochemicals for tsetse, little research on molecules inXuencing tsetse Xy sensory ecology has been undertaken, even though Weld experiments had shown that tsetse Xies are able to react to a larger variety of chemostimuli (Vale 1980;Torr et al 1996;IAEA-TECDOC 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Olfactory and behavioural responses of tsetse flies, Glossina spp., to rumen metabolites

2009

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Herbivores provide tsetse Xies with a blood meal, and both wild and domesticated ruminants dominate as hosts. As volatile metabolites from the rumen are regularly eructed with rumen gas, these products could serve tsetse Xies during host searching. To test this, we Wrst established that the odour of rumen Xuid is attractive to hungry Glossina pallidipes in a wind tunnel. We then made antennogram recordings from three tsetse species (G. pallidipes morsitans group, G. fuscipes palpalis group and G. brevipalpis fusca group) coupled to gas chromatographic analysis of rumen Xuid odour and of its acidic, mildly acidic and neutral fractions. This shows tsetse Xies can detect terpenes, ketones, carboxylic acids, aliphatic aldehydes, sulphides, phenols and indoles from this biological substrate. A mixture of carboxylic acids at a ratio similar to that present in rumen Xuid induced behavioural responses from G. pallidipes in the wind tunnel that were moderately better than the solvent control. The similarities in the sensory responses of the tsetse Xy species to metabolites from ruminants demonstrated in this study testify to a contribution of habitat exploitation by these vertebrates in the Africa-wide distribution of tsetse.

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Bait Methods for Tsetse Fly Control

Cited by 102 publications

References 118 publications

Mapping the benefit-cost ratios of interventions against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa

Mapping the benefit-cost ratios of interventions against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Olfactory and behavioural responses of tsetse flies, Glossina spp., to rumen metabolites

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