BAILs mediated Catalytic Thermo Liquefaction (CTL) process to convert municipal solid waste into carbon densified liquid (CTL-Oil)

Sreenivasan, Shravan; Ukarde, Tejas M.; Pandey, Preeti H.; Pawar, Hitesh S.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.001

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Thus, it can effectively solubilize and penetrate the cell wall structure of biomass. Moreover, in our previous study use of imidazole‐based Bronsted acid ionic liquids catalysts and PolyE‐ILs catalyst has been reported for efficient liquefaction of biomass and conversion of rice straw into LA, respectively 37,38 . Thus, in the present study [PEI] + [HSO 4 ] − was explored as a catalyst for the catalytic liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

PolyE‐IL: A polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst for catalytic thermo liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids

Ukarde

Pawar

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The present study demonstrates a catalytic thermo liquefaction (CTL) process for the liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids using recyclable polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquids (PolyE-ILs) catalyst. A series of acid catalysts such as mineral acids, imidazole-based ionic liquid and PolyE-ILs with variable counter ions were tested. Of the tested catalysts, [PEI] + [HSO 4 ] − resulted in 51.84% levulinic acid, 53.07% formic acid and 100% acetic acid yields compared with their theoretical maximum with 81.40% feedstock conversion at 210 °C for 120 min. Under 10 bar N 2 pressure. The carbon-enriched side products (CTL-oil), catalyst and carboxylic acids were separated by integrating the adsorption and membrane separation process with >98% efficiency. The CTL-oil with calorific a value of 25-26 MJ/kg can be explored for further energy and fuel applications. Thus, the use of a robust and recyclable catalyst at moderate operating conditions provides an efficient pathway for the valorization of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids and CTL-oil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

PolyE‐IL: A polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst for catalytic thermo liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids

Ukarde

Pawar

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…The imidazole-based Brønsted acid ionic liquid and polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquid (PolyE-IL)-mediated CTL process for the liquefaction of organic biodegradable MSW into carbon-densified liquid (CTL-Oil) showed the efficient integration of the IL catalyst in the CTL process. , The further advancement of integration of PolyE-IL into CTL provided advantages of a lower catalyst concentration and ease of catalyst recyclability with a simple catalyst separation process. Moreover, the PolyE-IL-catalyzed CTL process has several benefits, namely, (a) no char and gas formation, (b) moderate CTL reaction operating conditions, (c) use of a recyclable catalyst, and (d) a high feed conversion of >80%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that lignocellulosic biomass, including distillers grains, wood, agricultural waste, deoiled Jatropha curcas, and barley straw, − algal biomass such as macro- and microalgae, − livestock manures like swine, dairy, beef, laying hen, broiler, sheep, and human manure, − and various organic waste sources − can be liquefied by using the HTL process to produce biocrude oil and other value-added products such as biofuels and chemicals. However, there are issues associated with HTL including (a) requirement of stringent and severe reaction conditions, (b) the generation of byproducts like char and gases, (c) the use of reactive gases such as H 2 , syngas, CO, Ar, and N 2 , and (d) inefficient recyclability and reusability of catalysts, which make it difficult to implement at a large scale. , As a result, a methodology that can overcome the disadvantages associated with HTL is an urgent need of the hour. Mathanker et al have recently evaluated the effect of cosolvents and extraction solvents on HTL of biomass for the generation of biofuel products .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, integration of ILs can be a good choice for the liquefaction of biomass and MSW feedstocks. In our previous study, we have reported the imidazole-based IL-mediated CTL process for the liquefaction of organic biodegradable MSW to produce 80% CTL-Oil. , The CTL process was found to be efficient for the conversion of various types of organic biodegradable MSW into CTL-Oil under nonstringent operating conditions. However, the requirement of an excessive amount of IL, high cost, and recovery of IL are the obstacles for future development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the Liquefaction Kinetics of the PolyE-IL-Catalyzed Catalytic Thermo Liquefaction Process for Organic Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste

et al. 2022

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The catalytic thermo liquefaction (CTL) process with integration of the PolyE-IL catalyst has the specific advantages of high conversion, no char production, and nonstringent operating conditions. However, the study of the liquefaction kinetics is one of the most important parameters to elucidate the mechanism of the CTL process and a guide for process scale-up. The present manuscript demonstrates the elucidation of the liquefaction kinetics of a PolyE-IL-catalyzed CTL process for CTL of organic biodegradable waste. The CTL for different feedstocks showed >80% feed conversion at 120 °C in 120 min and under 10 bar inert gas pressure. Thus, both pressure and reflux reaction condition approaches for CTL were followed to investigate prevailing reactor parameters for liquefaction. However, the influences of reactor operating conditions with variable MSW slurry concentrations, temperatures, and times were inspected. The lower slurry concentration (<3 wt %) did not show the effect of the mode of operation, but the efficacy of liquefaction was reduced in the reflux mode of operation at a higher slurry concentration (<5 wt %). The reaction temperature of >90 °C was found to be efficient to achieve a maximum conversion, 75 and 70% at pressure and reflux modes of operation, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that a reaction time of at least 10 min was sufficient to achieve at least 75% conversion, although a longer reaction time increased the degree of liquefaction. According to liquefaction behavior of MSW, the plausible reaction routes were proposed. The first-order reaction was shown in the kinetic analysis to have an activation energy of 411.5 J/g and a frequency factor of 9.3 min −1 . The lowest contact time was advantageous for increased liquefaction of MSW. Thus, the present study offers an in-depth understanding of the CTL reaction pathways and the liquefaction kinetics, which can be useful for developing scalable and economically viable CTL processes.

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“…To convert the organic biodegradable fraction of MSW, Sreenviasan et al [23] studied the effect of anion substitution of BAILs in catalytic thermal liquefaction (CTL). The MSW studied was majorly composed of garden waste, kitchen waste, vegetable waste, papers and cardboard.…”

Section: Herbaceous and Agricultural Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Liquefaction—A Short Review of the Recent Advances

et al. 2021

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Biomass is recognised as one of the most attractive feedstocks among the alternative resources, having a high potential for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and biofuels. Due to its abundance, convenience, carbon neutrality and eco-friendliness, biomass is believed to positively impact the current environmental crisis caused by the extensive use of petroleum resources. For this reason, the search for processes that can convert this feedstock, resolving some inherent drawbacks, is needed. Biomass liquefaction using ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts has received appreciable attention in renewable fuels and chemicals production. With the potential for a substantial number of anion and cation pairings, ILs can be an attractive medium towards reusability and sustainability for these processes due to the unique and tunable combinations of their functional groups-and, therefore, their properties. In this review, several studies using ILs in biomass liquefaction are compared and discussed. With a particular emphasis on the last five years, advantages and disadvantages will be discussed using this class of liquids addressing essential issues such as yields, reusability and conversion, among others.

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BAILs mediated Catalytic Thermo Liquefaction (CTL) process to convert municipal solid waste into carbon densified liquid (CTL-Oil)

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

PolyE‐IL: A polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst for catalytic thermo liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids

PolyE‐IL: A polymeric Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyst for catalytic thermo liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into carboxylic acids

Investigation of the Liquefaction Kinetics of the PolyE-IL-Catalyzed Catalytic Thermo Liquefaction Process for Organic Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste

The Role of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Liquefaction—A Short Review of the Recent Advances

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