Baicalin, an inhibitor of HIV-1 production in vitro

Kïtamura, Kazuo; Honda, Mitsuo; Yoshizaki, Hitomi; Yamamoto, Shinji; Nakane, Hideo; Fukushima, Masanori; Ono, Katsuhiko; Tokunaga, Tatsuya

doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(97)00069-7

Cited by 141 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…40 Besides the free radical theory, inflammation is noted in the brains of HIV-infected individuals and of Tat transgenic mice. 17 [42][43][44] Taken together, all these studies raise the possibility of using EGb 761 as an alternative medication for treating HIV-induced neurological disorders. These results also confirm that inflammation and free radical production are likely the main events leading to Tat neurotoxicity and HIV-associated neuropathologies.…”

Section: Neurotherapeutic Function Of Egb 761 Against Tat Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Neurotoxicity by Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 Involving Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Zou

Kim

Zhou

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Pathology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein isan important pathogenic factor in HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. Despite recent progress, the molecular mechanisms underlying Tat neurotoxicity are still not completely understood. However, few therapeutics have been developed to specifically target HIV infection in the brain. Recent development of an inducible brain-specific Tat transgenic mouse model has made it possible to define the mechanisms of Tat neurotoxicity and evaluate anti-neuroAIDS therapeutic candidates in the context of a whole organism. Herein, we demonstrate that administration of EGb 761, a standardized formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract, markedly protected Tat transgenic mice from Tat-induced developmental retardation, inflammation, death, astrocytosis, and neuron loss. EGb 761 directly down-regulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression at both protein and mRNA levels. This down-regulation was, at least in part, attributable to direct effects of EGb 761 on the interactions of the AP1 and NF-B transcription factors with the GFAP promoter. Most strikingly, Tat-induced neuropathological phenotypes including macrophage/microglia activation, central nervous system infiltration of T lymphocytes, and oxidative stress were significantly alleviated in GFAP-null/Tat transgenic mice. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence to support the potential for clinical use of EGb 761 to treat HIV-associated neurological diseases. Moreover, these findings suggest for the first time that GFAP activation is directly involved in Tat neurotoxicity, supporting the notion that astrocyte activation or astrocytosis may directly contribute to HIV-associated neurological disorders.

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Section: Neurotherapeutic Function Of Egb 761 Against Tat Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Neurotoxicity by Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 Involving Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Zou

Kim

Zhou

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Pathology

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“…Animal experimentation has shown that baicalin can ameliorate the intestinal cytotoxicity caused by the antitumor agent Cpt-11 (Takasuna et al 1995). It inhibits HIV-1 infection and replication by inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (Kitamura et al 1998). Wogonoside inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced angiogenesis (Chen et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cytokinins on shoot proliferation, secondary metabolite production and antioxidant potential in shoot cultures of Scutellaria alpina

Grzegorczyk-Karolak

Kuźma

Wysokińska

2015

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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The present study evaluates the effects of various cytokinins on Scutellaria alpina shoot proliferation and production of polyphenolic metabolites (baicalin, wogonoside, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, verbascoside). The shoots were induced from shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with IAA (indole-3-acetic acid, 0.57 lM) and various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin, zeatin (1, 2, 4, 8 lM) or tidiazuron (TDZ) (0.2, 0.5, 1 lM). Among the cytokinins tested, BAP was the most effective for shoot induction, and the highest number of shoots (25 per explant) was achieved with 2 and 4 lM BAP. Maximum biomass production was also achieved on these media. Significantly higher baicalin, wogonoside and verbascoside contents were recorded in treatments containing cytokinins combined with 0.57 lM IAA, when compared to cytokinin-free medium. TDZ at a concentration of 0.5 lM was the most effective for polyphenol production. However, supplementation with cytokinins often results in the reduction of luteolin and its 7-O-glucoside production in the shoot culture of S. alpina. ABTS [2,20 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were used to identify the antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts from shoots cultured in the presence of different types and concentrations of cytokinins. In both tests, the shoots from medium supplemented with 0.5 lM TDZ demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity. The results indicate that higher polyphenolic content correlated with greater reducing power and antiradical efficiency.

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“…For example, baicalin, a flavone glycoside, which inhibits HIV-1 infection (Kitamura et al 1998), has proven anti-allergic properties and is known to have a scavenging effect in protecting the membrane of erythrocytes from free radical injuries (Gao et al 1999). Chang et al (2002) report that baicalin inhibits the proliferation of various human hepatoma cell lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from shoot culture and regenerated plants of Scutellaria altissima L.

2014

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The flavonoid (baicalin, wogonoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside) and verbascoside contents of Scutellaria altissima in both shoot cultures, and the shoots and roots of micropropagated plants grown in the greenhouse for 12 weeks or in the field for 2 years were determined. The level of secondary metabolites was found to be strongly affected by the age and type of plant organ. A comparative analysis of S. altissima plants propagated in vitro and from seeds revealed no differences in the level of secondary metabolites when plants of the same age were studied. The antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts from shoot cultures, and the shoots and roots of S. altissima plants propagated in vitro, were evaluated using ABTS radical scavenging, FRAP metal reduction power and the lipid peroxidation test, in relation to the content of baicalin, wogonoside, verbascoside, total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds. Extracts from the roots of field-grown regenerated plants at the flowering stage were found to possess the strongest antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis revealed that the antioxidant activity of extracts correlated most closely with their total phenolic content estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

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Baicalin, an inhibitor of HIV-1 production in vitro

Cited by 141 publications

References 28 publications

Protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Neurotoxicity by Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 Involving Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Protection against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Neurotoxicity by Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 Involving Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

The effect of cytokinins on shoot proliferation, secondary metabolite production and antioxidant potential in shoot cultures of Scutellaria alpina

Study on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from shoot culture and regenerated plants of Scutellaria altissima L.

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