Baffin Bay ice drift and export: 2002–2007

Kwok, R.

doi:10.1029/2007gl031204

Cited by 31 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The observed net solid FW flux at Davis Strait is toward the Labrador Sea (Kwok, 2007;Curry et al, 2014), and this direction is reproduced in all the models ( is no agreement in the models on whether the Barents/Kara Seas are a region of sink or source for sea ice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…There is net sea ice export through the gateways at the Atlantic sector (Vinje et al, 1998;Kwok and Rothrock, 350 1999; Kwok et al, 2004;Kwok, 2007Kwok, , 2009Curry et al, 2014). The narrow CAA passages on the western side of Greenland impede sea ice flow and limit sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean, and the Fram Strait on the eastern side of Greenland is the main gateway for sea ice to leave the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Solid Freshwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although 635 the same observed ice thickness profiles are used by Vinje et al (1998) and Kwok and Rothrock (1999), they obtained ice flux estimates with differences of up to 30% because they used different ice drift estimates. Kwok, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater

et al. 2016

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The Arctic Ocean simulated in fourteen global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE II) is analyzed. The focus is on the Arctic sea ice extent, the solid freshwater (FW) sources and solid freshwater content (FWC). Available observations are used for model evaluation. The variability of sea ice extent and solid FW budget is more consistently reproduced than their mean state in the models. The descending trend of September sea ice extent is well simulated in terms of the model ensemble mean. Models overestimating sea ice thickness tend to underestimate the descending trend of September sea ice extent. The models underestimate the observed sea ice thinning trend by a factor of two. When averaged on decadal time scales, the variation of Arctic solid FWC is contributed by those of both sea ice production and sea ice transport, which are out of phase in time. The solid FWC decreased in the recent decades, caused mainly by the reduction in sea ice thickness. The models did not simulate the acceleration of sea ice thickness decline, leading to an underestimation of solid FWC trend after 2000. The common model behaviour, including the tendency to underestimate the trend of sea ice thickness and March sea ice extent, remains to be improved. Dear editor,We now submit the revised manuscript of CORE-II Arctic Part 1. The minor comments by the reviewers, including some of the optional suggestions, were considered in the revision.Thank you for your help during the review process. Yours sincerely the authors Cover LetterDear reviewer, Thank you for your helpful comments.In the revised version we add the reference to the new paper of Carmack et al. 2015. (line 45 and footnote 2).The typos like in line 342 of the original version are due to typos in a citation. The citation has been updated. The authorsreply to reviewer 1 Dear reviewer, We addressed most of your optional suggestions in our revision. Thanks for your help.(1)Concerning not using the full record for the trend, although the record to 2007 has acceleration at the end, the subsequent record (to 2015) shows this was a transient. I still recommend using the full record for trend analysis Reply: The trends are calculated and discussed for both periods (1979-2003 and 1979-2007). Table 2 and lines 241-274.(2) Table 1: It would be helpful to have more information on the sea ice models--how many layers, how many thickness categories, is there a ridging parameterization, how is albedo calculated? Also might make sense to group the models in the plots by ice model rather than ocean model.Reply: We have an appendix (Appendix A) now to describe the sea ice models used in the CORE-II simulations. For the ordering of models in tables and figures, we try to keep the same order in both the CORE-II Arctic papers (on solid and liquid freshwater) for a close linkage of the two parts. Reply: We did the analysis and the results are briefly mentioned in the paper now (lines 271-274).(4) Line 282: Not sure that th...

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confidence: 66%

Section: Solid Freshwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater

et al. 2016

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“…Ice drift in Baffin Bay follows a counterclockwise circulation pattern, traveling north along the western Greenland coast and then south along the eastern coasts of Ellesmere and Baffin Islands (Kwok, 2007). Although Lancaster Sound tends to contribute sea ice to this circulation rather than receive it, geostrophic dynamics, coupled with geometrical constraints and the direction of surface drift through the archipelago, can explain the existence of multiyear ice on the north shore of Lancaster Sound (LeBlond, 1980).…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Hundred and Fifty-Year-Old Skeletal Remains of Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) Found on Multiyear Ice in High Arctic Canada

Crawford¹,

Striano²,

Amarualik³

et al. 2018

ARCTIC

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“…7 See also discussion and estimates in Wadley and Bigg (2002), Jones et al (2003), Cuny et al (2005), Prinsenberg and Hamilton (2005), Kwok (2006Kwok ( , 2007, Munchow et al (2006), Serreze et al (2006), Zweng and Munchow (2006), Greene et al (2008), and Condron et al (2009). 8 This dipole index was defined as the difference of the annual-mean SSTs from the 40-60°N, 60-10°W box and 40-60°S, 50°W-0° box in Latif et al (2006), and is slightly different from a previous definition of the difference between the 40-60°N, 50-10°W box and 10-40°S, 50°W-10° box by Latif et al (2004).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Arctic-Mediated Climate Variation on Multidecadal to Centennial Timescales: Empirical Evidence, Mechanistic Explanation, and Testable Consequences

Soon

2009

Physical Geography

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showed that the variable total solar irradiance (TSI) could explain, rather surprisingly, well over 75% of the variance for the decadally smoothed Arctic-wide surface air temperature over the past 130 years. The present paper provides additional empirical evidence for this physical connection, both through several newly published high-resolution paleo-proxy records and through robust climate-process modeling outputs. This paper proposes a mechanistic explanation, involving: (1) the variable strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) or thermohaline circulation (THC); (2) the shift and modulation of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rainbelt and tropical Atlantic ocean conditions; and (3) the intensity of the wind-driven subtropical and subpolar gyre circulation, across both the North Atlantic and North Pacific. A unique test of this proposed solar TSI-Arctic thermal-salinity-cryospheric coupling mechanism is the 5-to 20-year delay effect on the peak Atlantic MOC flow rate centered near 30-35°N, and on sea surface temperature (SST) for the tropical Atlantic. The solar Arctic-mediated climate mechanism on multidecadal to centennial timescales presented here can be compared with and differentiated from both the related solar TSI and UV irradiance forcing on decadal timescales. The ultimate goal of this research is to gain sufficient mechanistic details so that the proposed solar-Arctic climate connection on multidecadal to centennial timescales can be confirmed or falsified. A further incentive is to expand this physical connection to longer, millennial-scale variability as motivated by the multiscale climate interactions shown by Braun et al. (2005), Weng (2005), and Dima and Lohmann (2009) . THE SOLAR ARCTIC-MEDIATED CLIMATE VARIATION ON MULTIDECADAL TO CENTENNIAL TIMESCALESPaleoclimatic proxies show ubiquitous, multidecadal to centennial-scale variabilities that may ultimately be associated with the persistent forcing by solar irradiance variability as properly projected and amplified through the annual progression of the Earth around the Sun (Table A1, Appendix). The present study indirectly assumes the optimal climatic response filter of the Earth ocean-atmosphere-ice system to peak around such multidecadal to centennial scales, which can be taken to be roughly 50 to 500 years (i.e., much less than 1000 years). The challenge of this research, then, must lie in the identification of relevant and/or dominant centers of climatic action (COAs; Table 1 lists acronyms used in this paper) and interactions among those COAs (Christoforou and Hameed, 1997;Rodionov et al., 2005;Huth et al., 2006;Lim et al., 2006). Huth et al. (2006) found a general tendency for atmospheric circulation modes 1 to be more zonal, with COAs covering wider areas and ARCTIC-MEDIATED CLIMATE VARIATION 145 teleconnection among different regions spanning longer distances when solar activity is strong. The hard task of separating the dynamics of the teleconnection from the actual physical mechanisms at CO...

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Baffin Bay ice drift and export: 2002–2007

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater

An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part I: Sea ice and solid freshwater

Four Hundred and Fifty-Year-Old Skeletal Remains of Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) Found on Multiyear Ice in High Arctic Canada

Solar Arctic-Mediated Climate Variation on Multidecadal to Centennial Timescales: Empirical Evidence, Mechanistic Explanation, and Testable Consequences

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