“…The MgO, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , ZnO and CaO enhance the coercivity and MgO and ZnO improve the thermal stability. An intergranular phase with a composition close to 70Nd-22O-5Fe-(1-3 M), M = Mg, Zn, Al, Mn, Zr, Ca appears in the oxide-doped magnets, due to a reaction between the oxide additives and the intergranular phases (Chen Z M et al 1993(Chen Z M et al , 1995(Chen Z M et al , 1996. Thus, a small amount of oxygen in the intergranular regions seems to be helpful in…”