Bael Tree Leaves as a Natural Adsorbent for the Removal of Zinc(II) Ions from Industrial Effluents

Abstract

The removal of heavy metal ions from water and wastewater has received a great deal of attention. Although adsorption methods are those most frequently used for the treatment of polluted water, such methods generally employ high-cost adsorbents such as activated carbon. The purpose of the present study was the exploration of the use of natural materials as a low-cost adsorbent in such technological applications. Thus, experiments have been conducted to test the efficiency of bael tree leaves in removing heavy metal ions, viz. Zn(II) ions, from wastewater derived from the electroplating industry. The percentage removal of Zn(II) ions was evaluated under varying experimental conditions, i.e. adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration and contact time. To this effect, batch adsorption experiments were undertaken employing 2 g of 40–50 mesh bael tree leaves as an adsorbent in 100 mℓ of synthetic wastewater containing ca. 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/ℓ of Zn(II) ions. The initial pH of the synthetic wastewater was ca. 5. The experiments showed that the highest removal rate for Zn(II) ions was 88.58% under optimal conditions. Such Zn(II) ion adsorption followed reversible first-order rate kinetics. Thus, the tree leaves investigated in this study showed a good potential for the removal of Zn(II) ions from synthetic wastewater. The ultimate goal of the work described is the development of inexpensive, readily available, effective metal ion adsorbents from natural waste products as an alternative to existing commercial adsorbents.

Polypyrrole/Magnetic/Tea Waste Composites for PO43− Ions Removal: Adsorption-Desorption, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies

“…Langmuir isotherm is based on the postulation that the adsorption of adsorbate molecules on the surface of the sorbent forms monolayer which means that one molecule attaches at the particular active site. Energy of the adsorption process remains constant, and none of the molecules moves across the surface of the sorbent, and it represents that adsorption is homogenous [36]. Langmuir model is represented in the following equation: (6) C e q e = 1 q m b + C e q m , where C e / q e is y -axis, C e (mg/L) is the concentration of adsorbate at time t , 1 / q m is slope, q m is maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium state, 1 / q m b is intercept, and b is the Langmuir constant also represented as K L .…”

“…Isotherms are basically related to the homogeneity and heterogeneity of adsorbents and enables to finds the possible interactions between sorbate molecules and sorbent. Isotherm plots relate adsorption capacity, q e , to the concentration of adsorbate at equilibrium [36]. These isotherms provide an overall understanding of mechanism pathways and design of adsorption systems.…”

“…Langmuir isotherm is based on the postulation that the adsorption of adsorbate molecules on the surface of the sorbent forms monolayer which means that one molecule attaches at the particular active site. Energy of the adsorption process remains constant, and none of the molecules moves across the surface of the sorbent, and it represents that adsorption is homogenous [36]. Langmuir model is represented in the following equation:…”

Nano‐zero valent iron impregnated cashew nut shell: a solution to heavy metal contaminated water/wastewater

“…Amongst, the metal ions are commonly encountered as environmental pollutants [1,2]. Heavy metal such as zinc was presumed to be an essential element for the functioning of the living organism [3], but in excess level, it could result in irritability, muscular stiffness, metal fume fever, growth retardation, gastrointestinal distress, lung disorders and even cancer [4][5][6]. Many of these zinc metals are frequently noticed in industrial wastewaters such as manufacturing of alloys, sheet metal galvanisation, TV picture tubes, paints, and pigments [5][6][7][8].…”

Adsorption of toxic Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution by sulphuric acid modifiedStrychnos potatorumseeds in batch and column studies

“…The wastewater from these industries mainly consists of the large amounts of chromium ions. If these chromium ions are not properly treated, then it causes serious pollution effects to the living environment, because, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is considered as a highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutanogenic [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The maximum permissible limit of Cr(VI) ions in drinking water as given by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is 0.05 mg/L [13].…”