“…We report results as median [ first quartile – third quartile ]. We used several Matlab colormaps from ColorBrewer [ 40 ] and from a published guide by Kovesi [ 41 ] to assign a unique colormap for each visualized metric (figures 4 – 8 ). Figure 4.…”
Host-seeking mosquitoes rely on a range of sensory cues to find and approach blood hosts, as well as to avoid host detection. By using odour blends and visual cues that attract anthropophilic mosquitoes, odour-baited traps have been developed to monitor and control human pathogen-transmitting vectors. Although long-range attraction of such traps has already been studied thoroughly, close-range response of mosquitoes to these traps has been largely ignored. Here, we studied the flight behaviour of female malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles coluzzii) in the immediate vicinity of a commercially available odour-baited trap, positioned in a hanging and standing orientation. By analysing more than 2500 three-dimensional flight tracks, we elucidated how mosquitoes reacted to the trap, and how this led to capture. The measured flight dynamics revealed two distinct stereotypical behaviours: (i) mosquitoes that approached a trap tended to simultaneously fly downward towards the ground; (ii) mosquitoes that came close to a trap changed their flight direction by rapidly accelerating upward. The combination of these behaviours led to strikingly different flight patterns and capture dynamics, resulting in contrasting short-range attractiveness and capture mechanism of the oppositely oriented traps. These new insights may help in improving odour-baited traps, and consequently their contribution in global vector control strategies.
“…We report results as median [ first quartile – third quartile ]. We used several Matlab colormaps from ColorBrewer [ 40 ] and from a published guide by Kovesi [ 41 ] to assign a unique colormap for each visualized metric (figures 4 – 8 ). Figure 4.…”
Host-seeking mosquitoes rely on a range of sensory cues to find and approach blood hosts, as well as to avoid host detection. By using odour blends and visual cues that attract anthropophilic mosquitoes, odour-baited traps have been developed to monitor and control human pathogen-transmitting vectors. Although long-range attraction of such traps has already been studied thoroughly, close-range response of mosquitoes to these traps has been largely ignored. Here, we studied the flight behaviour of female malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles coluzzii) in the immediate vicinity of a commercially available odour-baited trap, positioned in a hanging and standing orientation. By analysing more than 2500 three-dimensional flight tracks, we elucidated how mosquitoes reacted to the trap, and how this led to capture. The measured flight dynamics revealed two distinct stereotypical behaviours: (i) mosquitoes that approached a trap tended to simultaneously fly downward towards the ground; (ii) mosquitoes that came close to a trap changed their flight direction by rapidly accelerating upward. The combination of these behaviours led to strikingly different flight patterns and capture dynamics, resulting in contrasting short-range attractiveness and capture mechanism of the oppositely oriented traps. These new insights may help in improving odour-baited traps, and consequently their contribution in global vector control strategies.
“…This is first of all reasonable as human perception is dominated by visual perception (70 % compared to 30 % by the other senses). The human eye can recognize around 10 million unique colors but only 30 shades of grey (Kreit et al, 2013). Today computer software and freely available programming tools like R or Python simplify the use of color and color gradients in color maps.…”
Abstract. Nowadays color in scientific visualizations is standard and extensively used to group, highlight or delineate different parts of data in
visualizations. The rainbow color map (also known as jet color map) is famous for its appealing use of the full visual spectrum with impressive
changes in chroma and luminance. Besides attracting attention, science has for decades criticized the rainbow color map for its non-linear and
erratic change of hue and luminance along the data variation. The missed uniformity causes a misrepresentation of data values and flaws in science
communication. The rainbow color map is scientifically incorrect and hardly decodable for a considerable number of people due to color vision
deficiency (CVD) or other vision impairments. Here we aim to raise awareness of how widely used the rainbow color map still is in hydrology. To this
end, we perform a paper survey scanning for color issues in around 1000 scientific publications in three different journals including papers
published between 2005 and 2020. In this survey, depending on the journal, 16 %–24 % of the publications have a rainbow color map and
around the same ratio of papers (18 %–29 %) uses red–green elements often in a way that color is the only possibility to decode the
visualized groups of data. Given these shares, there is a 99.6 % chance to pick at least one visual problematic publication in 10 randomly
chosen papers from our survey. To overcome the use of the rainbow color maps in science, we propose some tools and techniques focusing on
improvement of typical visualization types in hydrological science. We give guidance on how to avoid, improve and trust color in a proper and
scientific way. Finally, we outline an approach how the rainbow color map flaws should be communicated across different status groups in science.
“…(a) The spectrum locus plotted in the traditional MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity diagram, from 390 nm to 780 nm. Crosses indicate 25 nm steps and are coloured using a perceptually uniform rainbow colour-map to indicate the progression from short to long wavelengths along the spectrum locus [47]. The daylight locus, from 4, 000K to 14, 000K is also shown, with a blue to yellow colour-map depicting the progression from cooler to warmer temperatures along the daylight locus.…”
Section: Methods: Introducing Three Novel Metrics and An Equal-luminance Photoreceptor Excitation Diagrammentioning
Colour gamuts describe the chromaticity reproduction capabilities of a display, i.e. its ability to reproduce the relative cone excitations from real-world radiance spectra. While the cones dominate “canonical” visual function (i.e. perception of colour, space, and motion) under photopic light levels, they are not the only photoreceptors in the human retina. Rods and melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) also respond to light and contribute to both visual and non-visual light responses, including circadian rhythms, sleep-wake control, mood, pupil size, and alertness. Three-primary display technologies, with their focus on reproducing colour, are not designed to reproduce the rod and melanopsin excitations. Moreover, conventional display metrics used to characterize three-primary displays fail to describe the display’s ability (or inability) to reproduce rod and melanopsin excitations, and thus do not capture the display’s ability to reproduce the full human physiological response to light. In this paper, three novel physiologically relevant metrics are proposed for quantifying the reproduction and distortion of the photoreceptor signals by visual displays. A novel equal-luminance photoreceptor excitation diagram is proposed, extending the well-known MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity diagram, to allow visualizations of the five-dimensional photoreceptor signal space in a three-dimensional projection.
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