Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) Milk Exosomes Promote Glucose Consumption in L6 Cells

Abstract

Background: Camel milk can treat diabetes, but the exact anti-diabetes components of camel milk are still unclear. It is not clear whether camel milk exosomes can regulate glucose metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether camel milk exosomes can promote glucose consumption in L6 cells. Methods: Camel milk exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of camel milk exosomes on the viability of L6 cells. Glucose oxidase activity assay was used to detect the effect of camel milk exosomes on glucose consumption in L6 cells. RNA sequencing was used to detect differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways in L6 cells treated with camel milk exosomes. Result: The size of isolated camel milk exosomes was 30-100 nm by TEM. 3-12 ng/uL camel milk exosomes had no significant effect on L6 cell viability (P greater than 0.05). 6-24 ng/uL camel milk exosomes can significantly increase glucose consumption in L6 cells (P less than 0.05). A total of 401 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of downregulated genes suggested inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Camel milk exosomes may promote glucose consumption by inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.