Bacterivory: A Novel Feeding Mode for Asteroid Larvae

Rivkin, Richard B.; Bosch, Isidro; Pearse, John S.; Lessard, Evelyn J.

doi:10.1126/science.233.4770.1311

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Bacteria, the focus of the present study, are ingested and assimilated by certain echinoderm larvae (Rivkin et al 1986, Pearse et al 1991 and by bivalve larvae (Chalermwat et al 1991, Douillet 1993a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Since planktotrophic larvae in many regions may encounter phytoplankton abundances that are insufficient to sustain survival and growth, bacteria have been suggested as a supplementary source of organic matter (Crisp et al 1985, Rivkin et al 1986, Olson 1987, Douillet & Langdon 1993 and nutrients (Phillips 1984, Baldwin & Newel1 1995. This hypothesis is supported by studies showing that bivalve larvae can obtain enough energy through bacterivory to meet a portion of a larva's metabolic needs (Chalermwat et al 1991, Douillet 1993b, and that growth and survival are enhanced when certain strains of bacteria are added to phytoplankton cultures used to feed larvae (Martin & Mengus 1977, Douillet & Langdon 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can bacterivory alone sustain larval development in the polychaete Hydroides elegans and the barnacle Balanus amphitrite?

Gosselin¹,

Qian²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Although recent studies have found that some invertebrate larvae can meet part of their metabolic needs through bacterivory, it is unclear to what extent bacterivory can compensate for reduced phytoplankton abundance. The present study determined whether larvae of a polychaete (Hydroides elegans) and a barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) can survive, grow, and develop to competence solely on a diet of bacteria. In laboratory experiments, H. eleganslarvae provided with bacteria as their sole particulate food source completed larval development, attached, and metamorphosed into healthy early juveniles. In addition, several of these juveniles, when provided with phytoplankton after metamorphosis, developed to maturity and spawned viable offspring. Bacterial abundances measured in Port Shelter, a bay in Hong Kong waters where organisms for the present study were collected, would not sustain maximum development rates of H. elegans larvae. However, bacterial abundances were sufficiently high and cons~stent over time to constitute a reliable food source. Consequently, starvation may not be a direct cause of larval mortality in this species. On the other hand. B. amphitritelarvae provided ~71th bacteria did not grow, and death occurred at the same age as in starved larvae, suggesting they cannot use bacteria as a supplementary food source. Available data suggests that most barnacle recruitment in Hong Kong waters occurs when phytoplankton abundance reaches peak levels. Recruitment of H. elegans, however, occurs throughout the year, suggesting that spawning and successful larval development may be independent of phytoplankton availability, and that larvae largely rely on alternate food sources such as bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can bacterivory alone sustain larval development in the polychaete Hydroides elegans and the barnacle Balanus amphitrite?

Gosselin¹,

Qian²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…These data, in conjunction with mounting evidence that food limitation may not be an important aspect of plankton-feeding larvae in the antarctic (where phytoplankton levels are much lower than on coral reefs) (Olson et al 1987;Rivkin et al 1986), indicate that year-to-year fluctuations in larval food levels may explain an insignificant amount of variation in interannual recruitment ofA. planci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Manahan et al (1983) suggested that the larvae of an echinoid could obtain up to 79% of their energetic needs from uptake of DOM. Rivkin et al (1986) have shown that bacteria may be a major source of nutrition for the larvae of some Antarctic asteroids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ culturing as a test of the larval starvation hypothesis for the crown‐of‐thoms starfish, Acanthaster planci1

Olson

1987

Limnology & Oceanography

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In situ culturing as a test of the larval starvation hypothesis for the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster pland AbstractAs a test of the hypothesis that larvae of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acunthaster planci, are sevcrcly food limited, larvae were reared in situ in natural seawater and in natural seawater enriched with cultured phytoplankton. Although phytoplankton levels remained below the minimum threshold needed to support A. planci larval development in the laboratory (0.4 pg Chl a liter-l), there was no evidence of starvation. Larvae began settling at 14 d after fertilization, which is 2 d sooner than the shortest time to settlement reported for A. planci from laboratory rearing. Enrichment of diet rest&cd in no significant difference in survivorship (compared to larvae feeding only on natural seawater) and only a slight difference in development rate. These data, along with other indirect evidence suggest that A. planci larvae develop at near-maximal rates under normal conditions (i.e. in the absence of phytoplankton blooms) and that fluctuations in larval food resources may be of little importance in explaining interannual variation in their larval recruitment.

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“…Bacteria are an important component of the microbial loop (Azam et al 1983). A variety of aquatic animals, common or dominant in their communities, have been shown to effectively capture bacteria in addition to other planktonic food (e.g., acleractinian coral, Bak et al 1998; reef sponges, Reiswig 1974, Pile 1997; polychaete larvae and juveniles, Gosselin & Qian 1997mussels, Seiderer & Newell 1985, Langdon & Newell 1990, Kreeger & Newell 1996 clams, Decho & Luoma 1991; oyster larvae and adults, Langdon & Newell 1990, Douillet 1993, Douillet & Langdon 1993; asteroid larvae, Rivkin et al 1986;and ascidians, Bak et al 1998). These studies have pointed out the significance of bacteria as a carbon source for the animal nutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of dietary bacteria to metal accumulation in the slipper limpet

Qiu¹,

Qian²,

Wang

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Recent studies have shown that dietary ingestion can be an important source for metal accumulation in aquatic animals. Whether bacteria can contribute significantly to the overall metal accumulation in these animals remains little known. In this study, we used the kinetic modeling approach to examine the relative contribution of the aqueous phase, bacteria, and phytoplankton, as sources for Cd, Cr, and Zn accumulation by the slipper limpet Crepidula onyx, a suspension feeder that can capture bacteria efficiently. Metal uptake rate constants measured in C. onyx were 0.200, 1.232, and 1.294 l g -1 d -1 for Cd, Cr, and Zn, respectively. The assimilation efficiency (AE) of metals from ingested phytoplankton (11 to 44% for Cd, and 31 to 41% for Zn) was comparable to AEs of metals from ingested bacteria (21 to 42% for Cd, 35 to 47% for Zn), whereas the AEs of Cr from ingested phytoplankton (10 to 22%) were lower than from ingested bacteria (44 to 59%). The AEs of Cr from different phytoplankton and bacterial diets were related to its distribution in the cytoplasm of cells and its passage time across the animal's guts. The limpets filtered the bacteria at rates (17 l h -1 g -1 ) 1.3 to 1.9× lower than the filtration rate on different phytoplankton diets (22 to 33 l h -1 g -1). The estimated average bioconcentration factors of metals by 2 bacterial strains were 2 to 6 × 10 5 for Cd, 1 to 7 × 10 5 for Cr, and 1.5 to 7 × 10 5 for Zn. The kinetic model predicted that uptake from dietary phase dominated metal accumulation in the slipper limpets (87% for Cd, 72% for Cr, and 83% for Zn). Ingestion of bacteria contributed 23% for Cd, 27% for Cr, and 17% for Zn accumulation in the limpets under typical conditions for the limpets. Our study therefore highlights bacteria as a potentially important source of metal accumulation in this filter-feeding mollusc.

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Bacterivory: A Novel Feeding Mode for Asteroid Larvae

Cited by 68 publications

References 46 publications

Can bacterivory alone sustain larval development in the polychaete Hydroides elegans and the barnacle Balanus amphitrite?

Can bacterivory alone sustain larval development in the polychaete Hydroides elegans and the barnacle Balanus amphitrite?

In situ culturing as a test of the larval starvation hypothesis for the crown‐of‐thoms starfish, Acanthaster planci1

Contribution of dietary bacteria to metal accumulation in the slipper limpet

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