Bacteriorhodopsin‐Based Biophotovoltaic Devices Driven by Chemiluminescence as Endogenous Light Source

Abstract

As a light‐driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin (bR) captures light and transports protons directionally. Here, a new bR‐based bioelectronic device that employs the chemiluminescence from luminol as an endogenous light source to generate steady current is designed. Purple membrane embedded with bR is modified on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode followed by electrostatically binding of cationic oligo (p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative (OPV). The device is fabricated by coupling bR/OPV electrode and bare ITO electrode. As a suitable luminescence acceptor of luminol, OPV emits green light through chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET), which is capable of exciting ground state bR (bR570) nearby to initiate photocycle. Simultaneously, luminol emits blue chemiluminescent light which can be absorbed by M410 intermediate in photocycle, accelerating its reconversion to bR570 by shortcuts. As a result, the photocycle is accelerated and stabilized to generate a stable photocurrent. Furthermore, this study achieves to use oxygen and glucose as the initial source of hydrogen peroxide and produce stable photocurrent by taking advantage of the cascade reaction of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxide. This provides a proof‐of‐concept for successfully using the CRET system as endogenous light source and provides new ideas for energy utilization and conversion taking advantage of natural bR‐based photosynthetic systems.

Begonia-Inspired Slow Photon Effect of a Photonic Crystal for Augmenting Algae Photosynthesis

“…The resulting curve showed an exothermic enthalpy change (ΔH obs < 0), indicating that the enthalpydriven electrostatic interaction dominated the binding process (Figure 2g). 33 In addition, changes in ζ potential of C. pyre were measured. The potential of the culture medium (BG-11) alone was 0.7 ± 0.2 mV, and that of C. pyre suspensions in BG-11 was −14.6 ± 1.2 mV.…”

“…pyre suspensions under ITC. The resulting curve showed an exothermic enthalpy change (Δ H obs < 0), indicating that the enthalpy-driven electrostatic interaction dominated the binding process (Figure g) . In addition, changes in ζ potential of C.…”

Organic Semiconductor–Organism Interfaces for Augmenting Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis

“…PEDOT-DS optimized both the direct and indirect electron transfer efficiency between Syne and the electrode. With similar functions, polyfluorene, polypyrrole, and oligo­( p -phenylene vinylene) derivatives also have been shown to have significant effects in facilitating energy conversion of BPVs. , …”

Progress in bioelectronic systems based on conjugated polymers

“…Xiang 等制备了细菌视紫红质/金纳米粒子异相 多层结构来模拟类囊体中的基粒结构。 以这种堆叠结 构的电极构筑光伏电池，提高了光电性能。通过对纳 米粒子直径和堆叠层数的协同控制，光电流达到了 350 nA cm -2 。由于金纳米粒子的等离子体共振增强荧 光效应使得 410 nm 左右的光强度增强，进而使得光 循环中 M 410 态直接回到基态，加速了光循环，增大 了电流密度 [38] 。 Li 等将发射蓝光和绿光的 NaYF 4 :Yb, Er 和 NaYF 4 :Yb, Tm 两种上转换纳米粒子与细菌视紫 红质复合并构筑了光伏电池。在 980 nm 的红外光照 射下 , NaYF 4 :Yb, Er 发射绿光引 发光循环， 同时 NaYF 4 :Yb, Tm 发射蓝光加速光循环，使电池产生一 个持续恒定的光电流。 通过调节两种上转换纳米粒子 的比例可以调节蓝绿光的光强， 从而调节光电流的大 小 [39] 。 Wang 等开发了一种新型的细菌视紫红质(bR) 基光伏器件， 用化学发光共振能量转移体系取代了外 部光源，将化学能直接转换成电能(图 12) [40] 。通 过电场沉积的方法将紫膜涂覆到 ITO 电极上，并通 过静电作用将 OPV 结合到紫膜上。化学发光共振能 量转移体系由鲁米诺、过氧化氢、辣根过氧化物酶和 OPV 组成，同时发射出 425 nm 的蓝光和 550 nm 的 绿光。其中绿光可以激发 bR(bR 570 )启动光循环， 蓝光可以被光循环中间态 M 410 吸收，直接转换回到 基态 bR 570 ，加速了光循环。因此，质子可以被连续 地泵送穿过紫膜，产生稳定的电流。对于化学发光共 振能量转移体系， 通过改变组分的浓度可以很容易的 调节发光强度进而调节光电流的大小。…”