Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View

Abstract

Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.

WITHDRAWN: Isolation and Characterization of the Lytic Bacteriophages and Its Application in Combination with Amoxicillin against Aeromonas dhakensis

“…However, for future applications, there is a need to search for additional A. dhakensis hosts. Our results indicate that all phages are species-specific, as reported elsewhere for most Aerononas phages (64).…”

Whole genome analysis of host-associated lactobacillus salivarius and the effects on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and gut microorganisms of Sinocyclocheilus grahami

“…Furthermore, the abundance of potential pathogens Aeromonas in the gut tract of the S. grahami was found to be reduced, while the abundance of the potential beneficial microorganisms Bifidobacterium increased, after feeding with L. salivarius S01 supplements. Aeromonas is a common zoonotic pathogen found in fish that can cause systemic sepsis and local infections (Pereira et al, 2022). On the contrary, Bifidobacterium is an important indicator of good health, with nutritional, anti-tumor, and anti-aging potential, and plays an important role in regulating the balance of gut microbiota and promoting normal gut development (Di Pierro et al, 2020).…”

Fish Probiotics: Cell Surface Properties of Fish Intestinal Lactobacilli and Escherichia coli

“…Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative methods for combating fish pathogens, reducing the accumulation of antibiotic residues in fish meat, and other related environmental problems [ 4 ]. Such methods include phage [ 5 , 6 ] and probiotic therapies [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. According to the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host ( ) (accessed on 17 November 2019) [ 13 ].…”