Bacteriophages for Potential Food Safety Applications in Organic Meat Production

Enhancement of chicken macrophage cytokine response toSalmonellaTyphimurium when combined with bacteriophage P22

“…The utilization of bacteriophages to modulate pathogen load in complex ecosystems such as the intestine represents additional logistical challenges (Barrow, 2001;Ricke et al, 2012). Nonetheless, in the late 1980s, Smith et al (1987) successfully used bacteriophages to control E. coli diarrhea in calves.…”

“…In many developed countries, bacteriophage therapy was abandoned in favor of the development and widespread production of antibiotics (Stone, 2002). However, interest in phage therapy has gained momentum in animal production systems over the past few years as antibiotics have fallen out of favor (Nakai & Park, 2002;Joerger, 2003;Levin & Bull, 2004;Atterbury et al, 2007;Ricke et al, 2012). The bacteriophage P22 used in this study is able to bind specific somatic antigen structures of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present in Salmonella serogroup A, B, and D1 including S. Typhimurium via tailspike proteins (TSP) (Marietto-Gonc ßalves et al, 2011).…”

Salmonella and the Potential Role for Methods to Develop Microbial Process Indicators on Chicken Carcasses

“…For example, feed removal in laying hens was demonstrated to enhance the virulence properties of Salmonella Enteritidis along with concomitant increases in systemic invasion of the internal organs (Durant et al, 1999;Ricke, 2003b;Dunkley et al, 2007;Howard et al, 2012;Ricke et al, 2013a). Certainly food safety practices in live birds have become more important as evidenced by the number of intervention measures that have emerged including vaccines, antimicrobials administered in the feed or water, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, to name a few (Joerger, 2003;Patterson and Burkholder, 2003;Ricke, 2003aRicke, , 2015Hume, 2011;Ricke et al, 2012;Siragusa and Ricke, 2012). Certainly food safety practices in live birds have become more important as evidenced by the number of intervention measures that have emerged including vaccines, antimicrobials administered in the feed or water, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, to name a few (Joerger, 2003;Patterson and Burkholder, 2003;Ricke, 2003aRicke, , 2015Hume, 2011;Ricke et al, 2012;Siragusa and Ricke, 2012).…”

Anaerobic Microbiology Laboratory Training and Writing Comprehension for Food Safety Education

“…These include a variety of biological applications, such as bacteriophages, bacteriocins, and other antimicrobials, but the primary interest has been on prebiotics and direct-fed microbials or probiotics (Fuller, 1992(Fuller, , 1997Joerger, 2003;Patterson and Burkholder, 2003;Callaway and Ricke, 2012;Ricke et al, 2012;Montville and Chikindas, 2013). These include a variety of biological applications, such as bacteriophages, bacteriocins, and other antimicrobials, but the primary interest has been on prebiotics and direct-fed microbials or probiotics (Fuller, 1992(Fuller, , 1997Joerger, 2003;Patterson and Burkholder, 2003;Callaway and Ricke, 2012;Ricke et al, 2012;Montville and Chikindas, 2013).…”