Bacteriophages as Surrogates for the Fate and Transport of Pathogens in Source Water and in Drinking Water Treatment Processes

Mesquita, Maria M.F.; Emelko, Monica B.

doi:10.5772/34024

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Bacteriophages, i.e., viruses that infect bacterial cells, are non-toxic and non-pathogenic for humans, animals, or plants, are reasonably similar to mammalian viral pathogens in size, shape, morphology, but are easier and less expensive to isolate and enumerate relative to enteric viruses, which explains their use as surrogates for pathogenic virus removal performance in several studies [18,24,52]. Generally, three bacteriophage groups, namely somatic coliphages, male-specific F-RNA phages and Bacteroides fragilis phages, are frequently used as surrogates for pathogenic viruses in environmental studies [52], and were monitored during trials. Positive results were only verified for somatic bacteriophages in W1 intake, meaning that only MF and PAC/MF could be assessed for their removal (Figure 10).…”

Section: Bacteriophages (As Virus Indicators) and Aerobic Endospores (As Protozoan (Oo)cysts Indicators) Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production

et al. 2021

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Pressurized powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/Alum/MF) was investigated at pilot scale for treating low turbidity and low natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters spiked with organic microcontaminants. A total of 11 trials with clarified or non-clarified waters spiked with pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, or microcystins were conducted to assess the removal of microcontaminants, NOM (as 254 nm absorbance, A254, and dissolved organic carbon, DOC), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), aerobic endospores as protozoan (oo)cysts indicators, bacteriophages as viruses indicators, and regular drinking water quality parameters. PAC/(Alum)/MF achieved 75% to complete removal of total microcontaminants with 4–18 mg/L of a mesoporous PAC and 2 h contact time, with a reliable particle separation (turbidity < 0.03 NTU) and low aluminium residuals. Microcontaminants showed different amenabilities to PAC adsorption, depending on their charge, hydrophobicity (Log Kow), polar surface area and aromatic rings count. Compounds less amenable to adsorption showed higher vulnerability to NOM competition (higher A254 waters), greatly benefiting from DOC-normalized PAC dose increase. PAC/Alum/MF also attained 29–47% NOM median removal, decreasing THMFP by 26%. PAC complemented NOM removal by coagulation (+15–19%), though with no substantial improvement towards THMFP and membrane fouling. Furthermore, PAC/Alum/MF was a full barrier against aerobic endospores, and PAC dosing was crucial for ≥1.1-log reduction in bacteriophages.

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Section: Bacteriophages (As Virus Indicators) and Aerobic Endospores (As Protozoan (Oo)cysts Indicators) Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production

et al. 2021

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“…22,23 In addition to the low risk of infection and well-established protocols, T7 bacteriophage has been used as a surrogate for human viruses making it an ideal surrogate for ltration experiments. 24,25 The T7 bacteriophage ltration, culture, and quantication protocols used in this study are available in the ESI Materials and methods. †…”

Section: Model Nanoparticles For Ltration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%