Bacteriophages and their derivatives for the treatment and control of food-producing animal infections

Carvalho, Carla A. O. C. M.; Costa, Ana Rita; Silva, Filipe; Oliveira, A.

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2016.1271309

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…To achieve this, they have to overcome each barrier of the cell envelope by producing lysis proteins that exert their action at an appropriate time. It is this capacity of lysing bacteria that is being explored to use whole phages or their derived proteins not only for therapeutic applications, but also for biocontrol in the food industry and in detection of pathogenic bacteria [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriophage Lysis Enzymes: Targeting the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope

Catalão

Pimentel

2018

Viruses

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Mycobacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect mycobacteria, which ultimately culminate in host cell death. Dedicated enzymes targeting the complex mycobacterial cell envelope arrangement have been identified in mycobacteriophage genomes, thus being potential candidates as antibacterial agents. These comprise lipolytic enzymes that target the mycolic acid-containing outer membrane and peptidoglycan hydrolases responsive to the atypical mycobacterial peptidoglycan layer. In the recent years, a remarkable progress has been made, particularly on the comprehension of the mechanisms of bacteriophage lysis proteins activity and regulation. Notwithstanding, information about mycobacteriophages lysis strategies is limited and is mainly represented by the studies performed with mycobacteriophage Ms6. Since mycobacteriophages target a specific group of bacteria, which include Mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for one of the leading causes of death worldwide, exploitation of the use of these lytic enzymes demands a special attention, as they may be an alternative to tackle multidrug resistant tuberculosis. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the function of lysis proteins encoded by mycobacteriophages and their potential applications, which may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of antimycobacterial therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriophage Lysis Enzymes: Targeting the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope

Catalão

Pimentel

2018

Viruses

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“…The efficacy of phages as an intervention strategy in primary production to reduce bacterial infections in food-producing animals has been widely demonstrated [ 80 ]. Nevertheless, data regarding the use of phages in the dairy industry are still scarce.…”

Section: Bacteriophages As Unexpected Alliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages in the Dairy Environment: From Enemies to Allies

et al. 2017

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The history of dairy farming goes back thousands of years, evolving from a traditional small-scale production to the industrialized manufacturing of fermented dairy products. Commercialization of milk and its derived products has been very important not only as a source of nourishment but also as an economic resource. However, the dairy industry has encountered several problems that have to be overcome to ensure the quality and safety of the final products, as well as to avoid economic losses. Within this context, it is interesting to highlight the role played by bacteriophages, or phages, viruses that infect bacteria. Indeed, bacteriophages were originally regarded as a nuisance, being responsible for fermentation failure and economic losses when infecting lactic acid bacteria, but are now considered promising antimicrobials to fight milk-borne pathogens without contributing to the increase in antibiotic resistance.

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“…Furthermore, phages have been proposed for animal therapy, prophylaxis and reduction of pathogen loads in food products of animal origin [26], thus, resulting an appropriate alternative for the control of Salmonella contamination in poultry. The use and research on Salmonella phages in poultry is not new, with reports including isolation and characterization of the phages, safety assessment and effectiveness of selected phages in chicken meat and in chickens in laboratory or controlled environments [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Although, most of these studies have been successful; however, to date there is only one report on the use of phages targeting Salmonella at a productive scale [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Clavijo¹,

Morales²,

Flores³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe microbiota of broiler chicken gut affects positively or negatively the health, metabolism and immunity of chickens thus it has a significant impact on the animal productivity. Phages, host-specific parasites of bacterial cells, are a promising antimicrobial alternative that selectively target pathogens without disturbing the microbiota. The aim of the study is further characterizing the behaviour of phages and its effect on the commensal microbial community.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effect of SalmoFree® (a phage cocktail against Salmonella) on the microbiota of the cecum of broilers reared in a commercial farming system. Two field trials were carried out including 2 control and 2 experimental houses. Phages were incorporated in the broilers’ drinking water using three doses at the grower stage. The core microbiome, differentially abundant taxa between treatments as well as taxa associated with age were identified using Qiime2 and the R-Project for statistics.ResultsAnalyses of similarities among communities over time allowed us to identify two stages of microbiota development at the last stage of the production cycle. The core microbiome identified some key species in the adaptation of the microbiota at the last stage of the cycle. Among these there are important degraders of complex polysaccharides and producers of short chain fatty acids such as Eisenbergiella and Lachnoclostridium. Additionally, the phage cocktail did not affect the normal development of the microbiota structure while its application contributes to reduce the presence of pathogenic Enterobacteria including Salmonella. The addition of the phage cocktail led to a significant reduction in the abundance of Campylobacter and Helicobacter and increase in Butyricimonas and Rikenellaceae abundance which are common inhabitants of the chicken gut with known negative and positive effects in the health, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that phages can contribute to improve the chicken health and reduce pathogens burden at the end of the production cycle of broilers. Furthermore, it presents for the first time a detailed look of the microbiota composition and changes in broilers in a commercial scenario, information that will valuable towards the implementation of phage therapy technologies in the field.

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Bacteriophages and their derivatives for the treatment and control of food-producing animal infections

Cited by 61 publications

References 192 publications

Mycobacteriophage Lysis Enzymes: Targeting the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope

Mycobacteriophage Lysis Enzymes: Targeting the Mycobacterial Cell Envelope

Bacteriophages in the Dairy Environment: From Enemies to Allies

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

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