Bacteriophages Against Pathogenic Vibrios in Delaware Bay Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) During a Period of High Levels of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Richards, Gary P.; Chintapenta, Lathadevi K.; Watson, Michael A.; Abbott, Amanda; Ozbay, Gulnihal; Uknalis, Joseph; Oyelade, Abolade A.; Parveen, Salina

doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09365-5

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Lohr et al 2007; Patten et al 2008; van Oppen et al 2009; Vega Thurber & Correa 2011; Leruste et al 2012; Pollock et al 2014; Correa et al 2016). Similarly, filter-feeders such as bivalve mollusks and tunicates and bacteria living in them also acquire viruses (reviewed in Farley 1978; Elston 1997; Renault & Novoa 2004; Richards et al, 2019). Recently a bacteriophage was found to enhance the biofilm formation in the gut of an ascidian by interacting with its bacterial hosts (Leigh et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

Vishnyakov

Karagodina

Lim-Fong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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23Bacteriophage communities associated with humans and vertebrate animals have been 24 extensively studied, but the data on phages living in invertebrates remain scarce. In 25 fact, they have never been reported for most animal phyla. Our ultrastructural study 26 2 showed for the first time a variety of virus-like particles (VLPs) and supposed virus-27 related structures inside symbiotic bacteria in two marine species from the phylum 28 Bryozoa, the cheilostomes Bugula neritina and Paralicornia sinuosa. We also 29 documented the effect of VLPs on bacterial hosts: we explain different bacterial 30 'ultrastructural types' detected in bryozoan tissues as stages in the gradual destruction 31 of prokaryotic cells caused by viral multiplication during the lytic cycle. We speculate 32 that viruses destroying bacteria regulate symbiont numbers in the bryozoan hosts, a 33 phenomenon known in some insects. We develop two hypotheses explaining exo-and 34 endogenous circulation of the viruses during the life-cycle of B. neritina. Finally, we 35 compare unusual 'sea-urchin'-like structures found in the collapsed bacteria in P. 36 sinuosa with so-called metamorphosis associated complexes (MACs) known to trigger 37 larval metamorphosis in a polychaete worm. 38 39 Importance 40 Complex symbiotic systems, including metazoan hosts, their bacterial symbionts and 41 bacteriophages are widely studied using vertebrate models whereas much less is 42 known about invertebrates. Our ultrastructural research revealed replication of the 43 viruses and/or activation of virus related elements in the bacterial symbionts inhabiting 44 tissues of the marine colonial invertebrates (phylum Bryozoa). The virus activity in the 45 bacterial cells that are believed to be transmitted exclusively vertically is of a special 46 importance. In addition, in the bacterial symbionts of one of the bryozoan hosts we 47 observed the massive replication of the structures seemingly related to the 48 Metamorphosis associated complexes (MAC). To our knowledge, MACs were never 49 reported in the animal prokaryotic symbionts. Our findings indicate that Bryozoa may be 50 new suitable model to study the role of bacteriophages and phage-related structures in 51 the complex symbiotic systems hosted by marine invertebrates.52 3In the marine realm, the large variety of viruses are found across diverse taxa, 78 including protists and various invertebrates such as sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, 79 polychaetes, mollusks, crustaceans and echinoderms (reviewed in Johnson

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

Vishnyakov

Karagodina

Lim-Fong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A previous study showed that phages enriched from oysters out of Delaware Bay did not infect V. parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 (during specific collection periods), the serotype representing a previous pandemic strain ( Richards et al, 2019 ). The present study included eight V. parahaemolyticus strains representing serotype O3:K6 (including FSL Y1-016, 017, 021, 023, 024, 025, 026, and 046; Yeung and Boor, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteriophages that infect Vibrio spp. including V. parahaemolyticus have been previously isolated from both seafood and water samples ( Wang et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; Richards et al, 2019 ; Le et al, 2020 ; Tan et al, 2021 ). In the present study, we assessed whether bacteriophages that populate coastal waters surrounding oyster farms could be used to assess for the presence of specific V. parahaemolyticus STs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal water bacteriophages infect various sets of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sequence types

et al. 2022

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IntroductionGastrointestinal illnesses associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus have a negative impact on the shellfish industry due to recalls and loss of consumer confidence in products. This bacterial pathogen is very diverse and specific sequence types (STs), ST631 and ST36, have emerged as prevalent causes of Vibrio foodborne disease outbreaks in the US, though other STs have been implicated in sporadic cases. We investigated whether bacteriophages could be used as a proxy to monitor for the presence of distinct V. parahaemolyticus STs in coastal waters.MethodsFor this purpose, bacteriophages infecting V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from water samples collected on the Northeast Atlantic coast. The isolated phages were tested against a collection of 29 V. parahaemolyticus isolates representing 18 STs, including six clonal complexes (CC). Four distinct phages were identified based on their ability to infect different sets of V. parahaemolyticus isolates.Results and DiscussionOverall, the 29 bacterial isolates segregated into one of eight patterns of susceptibility, ranging from resistance to all four phages to susceptibility to any number of phages. STs represented by more than one bacterial isolate segregated within the same pattern of susceptibility except for one V. parahaemolyticus ST. Other patterns of susceptibility included exclusively clinical isolates represented by distinct STs. Overall, this study suggests that phages populating coastal waters could be exploited to monitor for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus STs known to cause foodborne outbreaks.

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“…The specificities of 16 phages were determined against eight strains of V. coralliilyticus and two strains of V. tubiashii by a plaque assay and/or spot testing. Spot testing on lawns of susceptible host cells was conducted as previously described (45). All incubations were performed at 26°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages against Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii: Isolation, Characterization, and Remediation of Larval Oyster Mortalities

Richards

Watson

Madison

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii are pathogens responsible for high larval oyster mortalities in shellfish hatcheries. Bacteriophage therapy was evaluated to determine its potential to remediate these mortalities. Sixteen phages against V. coralliilyticus and V. tubiashii were isolated and characterized from Hawaiian seawater. Fourteen isolates were members of the Myoviridae family and two were Siphoviridae. In proof-of-principle trials, a cocktail of five phages reduced mortalities of larval Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) by up to 91% at 6 days post-challenge with lethal doses of V. coralliilyticus. Larvae survival depended on the oyster species, the quantity of phages and vibrios applied, and the species and strain of Vibrio. A later-generation cocktail, designated VCP300, was formulated with three lytic phages subsequently named Vibrio phage vB_VcorM-GR7B; vB_VcorM-GR11A, and vB_VcorM-GR28A (abbreviated 7B, 11A and 28A). Together, these three phages displayed host specificity toward eight V. coralliilyticus strains and a V. tubiashii strain. Larval C. gigas mortalities from V. coralliilyticus strains RE98 and OCN008 were significantly reduced by > 90% (P < 0.0001) over 6 days with phage treatment compared to untreated controls. Genomic sequencing of phages 7B, 11A and 28A revealed 207,758; 194,800; and 154,046 bp, linear DNA genomes, respectively, with the latter showing 92% similarity to V. coralliilyticus phage YC, a strain from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Phage 7B and 11A genomes showed little similarity to phages in the NCBI database. This study demonstrates the promising potential for phage therapy to reduce larval oyster mortalities in oyster hatcheries. IMPORTANCE Shellfish hatcheries encounter episodic outbreaks of larval oyster mortalities, jeopardizing the economic stability of the hatcheries and commercial shellfish industry. Shellfish pathogens, like Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii, have been recognized as major contributors of larval oyster mortalities in U.S. East and West Coast hatcheries for many years. This study isolated, identified, and characterized bacteriophages against these Vibrio species, and demonstrated their ability to reduce mortalities from V. coralliilyticus in larval Pacific oysters and both V. coralliilyticus and V. tubiashii in larval Eastern oysters. Phage therapy offers a promising approach in stimulating hatchery production to ensure the well-being of hatcheries and the commercial oyster trade.

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Bacteriophages Against Pathogenic Vibrios in Delaware Bay Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) During a Period of High Levels of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

First evidence of virus-like particles in the bacterial symbionts of Bryozoa

Coastal water bacteriophages infect various sets of Vibrio parahaemolyticus sequence types

Bacteriophages against Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio tubiashii: Isolation, Characterization, and Remediation of Larval Oyster Mortalities

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