Bacteriophage Typing of Gram-Negative Rod-Shaped Bacteria

Schmidt, William C.; Jeffries, C. D.

doi:10.3109/10408367509151571

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…When all of the individual phage reactions for all the cultures typed in our laboratory were analyzed, it was apparent that some phages lysed so few organisms that retaining them in the set would be impractical. In the combined set of 19 phages, 8 the latter two phages obtained from our set of six. Although the use of this set of 11 phages would decrease slightly the percentage of typa-bility with our system, we feel that the advantages of maintaining a set of 11 phages over a set of 19 phages outweighs the slight loss of sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a bacteriophage-typing set for Staphylococcus epidermidis

Skahan¹,

Parisi²

1977

J Clin Microbiol

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Six phages isolated from lysogenic cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis were used to type cultures in our collection classified previously as "untypable" with our original typing set of 13 phages, new clinical isolates from Missouri, and clinical isolates from Connecticut, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Typability with the new set of 6 phages and with our 13 original phages was compared. For 203 cultures, 81 (39.9%) cultures were typable with the set of 6 phages and 73 (36.0%) cultures were typable with the set of 13 phages. When the two typing sets were combined, the percentage of typability for 425 cultures increased to 49.9%. compared with 35.7% with the original set of 13 phages. For 109 cultures from outstate, the percentage of typability was 56.9%, whereas that for 316 cultures from Missouri was 47.5%. When only cultures in biotype 1 were considered, the percentage of typability for 268 cultures with the combined set increased to 58.2%, compared with 39.5% with the original set of 13 phages. Analysis of individual reactions for all 425 cultures typed in our laboratory indicated that 11 of the 19 phages in the combined set accounted for the majority of the reactions, and a provisional set containing these 11 phages is proposed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a bacteriophage-typing set for Staphylococcus epidermidis

Skahan¹,

Parisi²

1977

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Culture-based phage assay: Brucellaphages Tbilisi (Tb), Firenze (Fz), Weybridge (Wb), S708, Berkeley (Bk), R/C, and Izatnagar (Iz) are used at two different concentrations for identification of Brucella at both genus and species level, including differentiation between smooth and rough strains of B. abortus, B. suis, B. melitensis, B. neotomae, B. canis, and B. ovis [10,31,32]. As with other phage lysis assays, this is a multi-day assay requiring pure cultures of Brucella isolates from samples Phage molecular assay: Similar to Y. pestis phages, Brucella phages can be used for indirect detection of Brucella spp.…”

Section: Brucella Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, the use of phages in bacterial detection started with phage typing schemes for strains of specific pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, and Vibrio cholera [10]. Over time, more diverse and innovative approaches have been taken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art in Biodefense Related Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Bacteriophages: How It Started and How It’s Going

Sozhamannan

Hofmann

2020

Viruses

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Accurate pathogen detection and diagnosis is paramount in clinical success of treating patients. There are two general paradigms in pathogen detection: molecular and immuno-based, and phage-based detection is a third emerging paradigm due to its sensitivity and selectivity. Molecular detection methods look for genetic material specific for a given pathogen in a sample usually by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immuno-methods look at the pathogen components (antigens) by antibodies raised against that pathogen specific antigens. There are different variations and products based on these two paradigms with advantages and disadvantages. The third paradigm at least for bacterial pathogen detection entails bacteriophages specific for a given bacterium. Sensitivity and specificity are the two key parameters in any pathogen detection system. By their very nature, bacteriophages afford the best sensitivity for bacterial detection. Bacteria and bacteriophages form the predator-prey pair in the evolutionary arms race and has coevolved over time to acquire the exquisite specificity of the pair, in some instances at the strain level. This specificity has been exploited for diagnostic purposes of various pathogens of concern in clinical and other settings. Many recent reviews focus on phage-based detection and sensor technologies. In this review, we focus on a very special group of pathogens that are of concern in biodefense because of their potential misuse in bioterrorism and their extremely virulent nature and as such fall under the Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) Category A pathogen list. We describe the currently available phage methods that are based on the usual modalities of detection from culture, to molecular and immuno- and fluorescent methods. We further highlight the gaps and the needs for more modern technologies and sensors drawing from technologies existing for detection and surveillance of other pathogens of clinical relevance.

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“…Clearly sets devised so far do not provide the same international coverage as does the standard set available for S. aureus (15). Such variations are well recognized (16) and are associated often with particular geographical locations. Further when phage patterns are divided into short, indeterminate, and long patterns according to the criteria of Richardson and Marples (17) a greater proportion of the more desirable short patterns were found with the DW set than either the new or the combined sets.…”

Section: Phage Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a new set of phages as an epidemiological marker inStaphylococcus epidermidiscausing nosocomial infections

1990

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SUMMARYWe describe the isolation of a new set of phages for typing Staphylococcus epidermidis. One hundred and eighty-two phages were obtained from S. epidermidis strains of human origin. Twelve phages were selected according to their potency and their lytic activity studied. Twenty phages of the Dean and Williams' set were also studied.Phage-typing was undertaken at 100 x RTD, 1000 x RTD and after heat treatment at 48 'C. When the two sets of phages were compared separately similar figures were obtained. When the two typing sets were combined, the percentage of typability for the 182 bacterial strains increased to 29-1 % using 1000 x RTD and to 75-3 % after heat treatment.

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Bacteriophage Typing of Gram-Negative Rod-Shaped Bacteria

Cited by 5 publications

References 107 publications

Development of a bacteriophage-typing set for Staphylococcus epidermidis

Development of a bacteriophage-typing set for Staphylococcus epidermidis

The State of the Art in Biodefense Related Bacterial Pathogen Detection Using Bacteriophages: How It Started and How It’s Going

Development of a new set of phages as an epidemiological marker inStaphylococcus epidermidiscausing nosocomial infections

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