Bacteriophage Therapy of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection Caused by a Multiple-Antibiotic–Resistant O3:K6 Pandemic Clinical Strain

Abstract

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phage therapy in a mouse model against a multiple-antibiotic–resistant V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strain infection.

Phenotypic Characterization of Vibrio Species: Application of Indigenous Phages for Biological Control of Vibrio in Aquaculture Live Feeds

“…Around 80% phage particles were inactivated within 10 sec of exposure to UV and only 10% survival was at 16 sec as was reported by Dutta and Ghosh, 2007. A complete inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus phage Vp-1 was approximately at 45 mins upon exposure to UV light, as was observed by Jun et al, 2014.…”

“…Significant differences were noted between phage activity at each temperature (P<0.001), p17 was sensitive to temperature and its sensitivity increased by increasing temperature, however it still active even after boiling, the optimum temperature for bacteriolytic activity was 3x10 8 PFU/ml at 30 o C (Figure 4). Overall results show that propagation of these phages is negatively affected by increased exposure to high temperatures and the most damaging temperature was 5 o C with 100% reduction in phage titers followed by reduction of phage counts to 97x10 5 PFU/ml up on exposing to 50 o C. This result is encouraged by study of Jun et al, (2014) who observed that pVp-1 phage specific to V. parahaemolyticus was relatively heat stable over a temperature range of 20°C-37°C, although decrease in phage activity was detected at 50°C and complete loss of activity was at 65°C. Basdew and Laing (2014) reported that increase in temperature decreases virus survival and activity and exposure to 70°C was the most damaging with a 92 to 96% reduction in phage titers.…”

Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review

“…IP injection was demonstrated as markedly (3 hours) faster at delivering phage than oral application. Also, the maximum phage titer in the blood was reached faster (6 hours) after IP delivery than after oral one . IP injection allowed for faster arrival of phages in the blood compared to IM or SC injections; it also resulted in higher phage titers in the blood as well as more effective protection of mice from lethal septicemia …”

“…Also, the maximum phage titer in the blood was reached faster (6 hours) after IP delivery than after oral one. 139 IP injection allowed for faster arrival of phages in the blood compared to IM or SC injections; it also resulted in higher phage titers in the blood as well as more effective protection of mice from lethal septicemia. 124 Injections of bacteriophages are highly applicable in therapies against bacterial infections, either systemic or localized ones.…”

“…Systemically administered phages have been observed in feces of calves and mice, 117,120 in intestines of mice, rabbits and chickens 80,149,150,161 and in murine stomach. 89,139 Stomach penetration from blood was studied in a model where mice were or were not prevented to swallow. Phage titer in the stomach was substantially lower in non-swallowing animals.…”