Bacteriophage Receptors, Mechanisms of Phage Adsorption and Penetration into Host Cell

Abstract

Bacteriophages are an attractive tool for application in the therapy of bacterial infections, for biological control of bacterial contamination of foodstuffs in the alimentary industry, in plant protection, for control of water-borne pathogens, and control of environmental microflora. This review is mainly focused on structures governing phage recognition of host cell and mechanisms of phage adsorption and penetration into microbial cell.

Spontaneous and transient defence against bacteriophage by phase‐variable glucosylation of O‐antigen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

“…Most of the receptors, such as the porin OmpF for phage T2, the selective transport protein LamB for phage l and flagellar proteins for phage c, are bacterial components that are presented on the cell surface (Lindberg, 1973;Randall-Hazelbauer and Schwartz, 1973;Hantke, 1978;Samuel et al, 1999). LPS is one of the distinctive surface appendages frequently used by Gram-negative bacteria-specific phages: phage P22 specifically binds to the O-antigens of Salmonella LPS, and phage FX174 specifically binds to the Salmonella core antigens that are not protected by O-antigens (Lindberg, 1973;Rakhuba et al, 2010). The other surface appendages such as pili, capsular antigens and the teichoic acids also serve as phage host receptors (Lindberg, 1973;Rakhuba et al, 2010).…”

“…LPS is one of the distinctive surface appendages frequently used by Gram-negative bacteria-specific phages: phage P22 specifically binds to the O-antigens of Salmonella LPS, and phage FX174 specifically binds to the Salmonella core antigens that are not protected by O-antigens (Lindberg, 1973;Rakhuba et al, 2010). The other surface appendages such as pili, capsular antigens and the teichoic acids also serve as phage host receptors (Lindberg, 1973;Rakhuba et al, 2010).…”

“…In some cases, however, two different bacterial receptors are required for the two-step phage attachment process (Lindberg, 1973;Rakhuba et al, 2010). In the initial phage adsorption step, phage particles collide with host bacterial cells through Brownian motion, and reversibly, but specifically, adsorb to the primary host receptor.…”

Identification of three podoviruses infecting Klebsiella encoding capsule depolymerases that digest specific capsular types

“…Furthermore, this polysaccharide coat acts as a physical barrier to the harmful effects of hostile environments, reduces susceptibility to certain antibiotics (Stewart, 1996;Yu et al, 2015) and hinders phage access, thus limiting infection (Samson et al, 2013). However, capsule may also serve as a receptor for certain phages (Stummeyer et al, 2006;Rakhuba et al, 2010).…”

FlhF(T368A) modulates motility in the bacteriophage carrier state of Campylobacter jejuni

“…Surface structures are candidates for adhesion targets and receptors necessary for bacteriophage infection. In C. jejuni, flagella and capsular polysaccharide have been proposed to constitute essential attachment sites for the respective infection of group II and group III Campylobacter phages (Rakhuba et al, 2010;Sørensen et al, 2015). Group II phages CP220, Φ3 and Φ15 failed to infect non-flagellated strains that included the largely non-flagellated flhF(T368A) expressing strain.…”