Bacteriophage-mediated biosynthesis of MnO2NPs and MgONPs and their role in the protection of plants from bacterial pathogens

Abstract

IntroductionXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the plant pathogen of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), which causes yield loss in rice.MethodsIn this study, the lysate of Xoo bacteriophage X3 was used to mediate the bio-synthesis of MgO and MnO2. The physiochemical features of MgONPs and MnO2NPs were observed via Ultraviolet - Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission/Scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), Energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The impact of nanoparticles on plant growth and bacterial leaf blight disease were evaluated. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to determine whether the nanoparticles application were toxic to the plants.ResultsAn absorption peak of 215 and 230 nm for MgO and MnO2, respectively, confirmed nanoparticle formation via UV–Vis. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was detected by the analysis of XRD. Bacteriological tests indicated that MgONPs and MnO2NPs sized 12.5 and 9.8 nm, respectively, had strong in vitro antibacterial effects on rice bacterial blight pathogen, Xoo. MnO2NPs were found to have the most significant antagonist effect on nutrient agar plates, while MgONPs had the most significant impact on bacterial growth in nutrient broth and on cellular efflux. Furthermore, no toxicity to plants was observed for MgONPs and MnO2NPs, indeed, MgONPs at 200 μg/mL significantly increased the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry on the model plant, Arabidopsis, in light (ΦPSII) compared to other interactions. Additionally, significant suppression of BLB was noted in rice seedlings amended with the synthesized MgONPs and MnO2NPs. MnO2NPs showed promotion of plant growth in the presence of Xoo compared to MgONPs.ConclusionAn effective alternative for the biological production of MgONPs and MnO2NPs was reported, which serves as an effective substitute to control plant bacterial disease with no phytotoxic effect.

Impacts of Biosynthesized Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Capacity, Hematological Parameters, and Antioxidant Protein Docking in Broilers

“…Synthesis of MnO 2 NPs. The synthesis of MnO 2 NPs was conducted using the procedure outlined by Ogunyemi et al, 25 with a few modifications applied. Concisely, a concentration of 1 mM (mM) of Manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) was introduced into a 25 mL (ml) extract solution of green tomato.…”

“…Analysis of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The determination of the functional group of MnO 2 NPs was conducted following the methodology outlined by Ogunyemi et al 25 This involved analyzing the dried powder of the biosynthesized MnO 2 NPs using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Vector 22, Bruker, Germany). The analysis was performed within the range of 500−4000 cm −1 , with a resolution of 4 cm −1 .…”

Manganese Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Influence on Plant Resistance to Stress, and Prospects for Application in Agricultural Chemistry

“…The synthesis of Mn NPs using viruses and fungi has been demonstrated. The bacteriophage X3 employed from diseased rice plants synthesized MnO 2 NPs 9.8 nm in size with pronounced antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae . Mushrooms are highly resistant to stress, including those caused by heavy metals, and have a high absorption rate and a high diversity of reducing enzymes.…”

“…The bacteriophage X3 employed from diseased rice plants synthesized MnO 2 NPs 9.8 nm in size with pronounced antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. 89 Mushrooms are highly 5 Thus, methods reviewed in this chapter show that bacteria, viruses, and fungi can synthesize NPs of elemental Mn and Mn oxides.…”

“…It is believed that the mechanism of activation of photosynthesis under the influence of metal oxide NPs is associated, due to their small size, with their ability to penetrate plant chloroplasts, reach the reaction center of photosystem II, and enhance electron transfer and light absorption in chloroplasts. 89 There are a large number of studies on the effect of Mn NPs on the vegetation, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and productivity of cultivated plants. The effects of such Mn NPs on various plants representing different families is discussed below.…”