Bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity of maternal and cord sera. Relationship to complement, lysozyme, transferrin, and immunoglobulin levels

Pruzanski, W.; Leers, Wolf-Dietrich; Wardlaw, A. C.

doi:10.1139/m72-236

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Alexine is now termed complement (These historical events have been reviewed in 24). The role of the complement‐lysozyme sequence in immune bacteriolysis has now been defined in detail (25–28).…”

Section: A What Is Bacteriolysis and How Is It Defined?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How then can the synergism among microbial and host‐derived agonists be controlled at the bedside? (1–3, 13–55, 23, 105).…”

Section: Possible Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alexine is now termed complement (These historical events have been reviewed in 24). The role of the complement-lysozyme sequence in immune bacteriolysis has now been defined in detail (25)(26)(27)(28). However, the significance of the biochemical degradation of microbes as related to tissue injury in inflammation and in post-infectious sequelae has emerged mainly from a large series of investigations which had focused on: 1) the structure and function of the bacterial cell wall (29-30), 2) the role of muramidases (autolytic wall enzymes) in normal bacterial multiplication (31,32), 3) the role played by lysozyme (33), leukocyte-derived polycations, cationic enzymes (20,21), and antibiotics (mostly beta-lactams) in bacteriolysis (13,(16)(17)(18)(19), 4) the role of muramidase-deficient strains and of tolerance to antibiotics in microbial killing and degradation (18), 5) the role of the cell-wall components: LPS, LTA and PPG in the activation of leukocytes and in the generation of oxidants, proteinases and cytotoxic cytokines (1-15, 23, 34, 35), and 6) the role of microbial cell-wall components in the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation (36)(37)(38)(39) and in the potentiation of innate immunity to infections and of tumor-cell proliferation (40,41).…”

Section: A What Is Bacteriolysis Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike in Gram-positives, Gram-negative bacteria that are relatively resistant to the direct effect of lysozyme due to the presence on their surfaces of a thick anionic outer membrane, can nevertheless be lysed by combinations of lysozyme, peroxide and the complement system (20,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Under such conditions, ''holes'' (craters) induced in the outer membrane by the attack complex of complement allow lysozyme and additional highly-cationic bactericidal proteins (20) to hydrolyze the PPG (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) and also to activate endogenous muramidases.…”

Section: C) Effect Of Lysozyme and Polycations On Gramnegative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C) Effect Of Lysozyme and Polycations On Gramnegative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

Ginsburg

2002

APMIS

113

102

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The literature dealing with the biochemical basis of bacteriolysis and its role in inflammation, infection and in post-infectious sequelae is reviewed and discussed. Bacteriolysis is an event that may occur when normal microbial multiplication is altered due to an uncontrolled activation of a series of autolytic cell-wall breaking enzymes (muramidases). While a low-level bacteriolysis sometimes occurs physiologically, due to "mistakes" in cell separation, a pronounced cell wall breakdown may occur following bacteriolysis induced either by beta-lactam antibiotics or by a large variety of bacteriolysis-inducing cationic peptides. These include spermine, spermidine, bactericidal peptides defensins, bacterial permeability increasing peptides from neutrophils, cationic proteins from eosinophils, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, the highly cationic proteinases elastase and cathepsins, PLA2, and certain synthetic polyamino acids. The cationic agents probably function by deregulating lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in Gram-positive bacteria and phospholipids in Gram-negative bacteria, the presumed regulators of the autolytic enzyme systems (muramidases). When bacteriolysis occurs in vivo, cell-wall- and -membrane-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS (endotoxin)), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PPG), are released. These highly phlogistic agents can act on macrophages, either individually or in synergy, to induce the generation and release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, cytotoxic cytokines, hydrolases, proteinases, and also to activate the coagulation and complement cascades. All these agents and processes are involved in the pathophysiology of septic shock and multiple organ failure resulting from severe microbial infections. Bacteriolysis induced in in vitro models, either by polycations or by beta-lactams, could be effectively inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides, by D-amino acids as well as by certain anti-bacteriolytic antibiotics. However, within phagocytic cells in inflammatory sites, bacteriolysis tends to be strongly inhibited presumably due to the inactivation by oxidants and proteinases of the bacterial muramidases. This might results in a long persistence of non-biodegradable cell-wall components causing granulomatous inflammation. However, persistence of microbial cell walls in vivo may also boost innate immunity against infections and against tumor-cell proliferation. Therapeutic strategies to cope with the deleterious effects of bacteriolysis in vivo include combinations of autolysin inhibitors with combinations of certain anti-inflammatory agents. These might inhibit the synergistic tissue- and- organ-damaging "cross talks" which lead to septic shock and to additional post-infectious sequelae.

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Section: A What Is Bacteriolysis and How Is It Defined?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How then can the synergism among microbial and host‐derived agonists be controlled at the bedside? (1–3, 13–55, 23, 105).…”

Section: Possible Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A What Is Bacteriolysis Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C) Effect Of Lysozyme and Polycations On Gramnegative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C) Effect Of Lysozyme and Polycations On Gramnegative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

Ginsburg

2002

APMIS

113

102

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Bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity of sera and synovial fluids in rheumatoid arthritis and in osteoarthritis

Pruzanski¹,

Leers²,

Wardlaw³

1974

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity was evaluated in sera and synovial fluids of 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 13 patients with osteoarthritis. An attempt was made to correlate the results with the concentrations of the total hemolytic complement, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, transferrin, and the titer of the Latex fixation. Bacteriolytic activity in all but 5 hypocomplementemic rheumatoid sera and in all osteoarthritic sera was normal. There was a correlation (P = 0.01) between bacteriolytic activity and the level of complement, but not the level of other factors or the titer of the Latex fixation. Bacteriolytic activity in the rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial fluids was low, being respectively four times and two times weaker than in the corresponding sera. It correlated well only with the level of complement (P < 0.01). Bactericidal activity of rheumatoid and osteoarthritic sera was normal but was very significantly decreased in the synovial fluids, being respectively 10 times weaker and four times weaker than in the corresponding sera. The only positive correlation was found between bactericidal activity and the complement level (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between the titer of the Latex fixation and the level of the total hemolytic complement either in serum or in synovial fluids. The influence of 6 antiarthritic drugs on antibacterial activity was tested by addition of drugs to the normal human serum. There was no change in bacteriolytic activity, however bacterial growth was inhibited when high concentrations of drugs were mixed with the culture medium. infection, namely phagocyte related and antibacterial humoral activity, the former It has long been known that infection

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Modulation of functional activity of human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes by intravenous gamma globulin

Pruzanski

Saito

1989

Inflammation

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Intravenous gamma-globulin was tested in a range of concentrations compatible with the increments obtained after therapeutic infusions for modulation of phagocytic functions of human polymorphonuclears (PMNs) and monocytes. Intravenous gammaglobulin in concentrations of 3.0 mg/ml or more increased adhesiveness and suppressed chemotaxis of PMNs. There was marked dose-dependent enhancement of opsonization of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Preincubation of PMNs with intravenous gamma-globulin caused enhancement of the total bacteria ingested, total bacteria killed, phagocytosis, and phagocytic index, when gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested. During phagocytosis, there was no release of LDH or lysozyme; however, there was release of beta-glucuronidase. No significant difference in phagocytic enhancement was found when filtered and native intravenous gamma-globulin preparations were compared. There was marked enhancement of the superoxide anion generation by intravenous gamma-globulin above the concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Intravenous gamma-globulin also markedly enhanced phagocytic activity of monocytes. Therefore, intravenous gamma-globulin modulates not only opsonization-related phenomena, but also exerts a complex influence on other aspects of phagocytic activity.

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Bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity of maternal and cord sera. Relationship to complement, lysozyme, transferrin, and immunoglobulin levels

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of inflammation, infection and post‐infectious sequelae

Bacteriolytic and bactericidal activity of sera and synovial fluids in rheumatoid arthritis and in osteoarthritis

Modulation of functional activity of human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes by intravenous gamma globulin

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