Bacteriology of the maxillary sinus

Cook, Harold F.; Haber, Judy

doi:10.1016/0278-2391(87)90155-8

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other authors, have studied cultures from swabs or samples taken during endoscopic procedures on the maxillary sinuses, ethmoid [25], sphenoid [26] or frontal sinus [23]. In our case, which was the same as previous studies presented by Cook & Haber and Abou-Hamad, the material was collected from the maxillary sinuses during procedures performed in patients with prognathism [22,24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The theory on sterility is confirmed, according to some authors, by the identification of bacteria in microbiological testing not exceeding 20% of cases [22–24]. However, not all studies show clear evidence of the microbial sterility of the mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They considered that over 80% of specimens from maxillary sinus cavities in asymptomatic adults were sterile [22, 24]. Additionally, Cook & Haber believed that a few bacteria might be present and elicit inflammatory responses [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The presence of bacterial microcolonies on the maxillary sinus ciliary epithelium in healthy young individuals

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe aim of this cross-sectional in vitro study was to evaluate the mucosal surfaces of healthy maxillary sinuses, explore different forms of bacterial microorganism colonies present on the mucous membrane, and determine a mucosal surface area they occupy.MethodsSamples of the maxillary sinus mucosa were collected from 30 healthy patients (M = 11; F = 19). The material was obtained during the Le Fort I osteotomy performed during corrective jaw surgery. The morphological and morphometric analysis of sinus mucosa and bacterial film that was grown on it was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as imaging software.ResultsScanning electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of different bacterium and bacteria-like structures in all the analyzed samples. In most cases, the bacterial film was mostly composed of diplococci-like and streptococci-like structures on the mucosa of the paranasal sinus. In any case, the mucous layer did not cover the whole lining of the evaluated sample. Each colony consists of more than 20 single bacterial cells, which has grown in aggregates.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of normal homeostasis of the body, the maxillary sinuses present diverse bacterial colonization. The bacteria are dispersed or concentrated in single microcolonies of the biofilm on the border of the mucous covering the ciliary epithelium. There is no uniform layer of the biofilm covering the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses. Because the biofilm is detected on healthy individuals sinus mucosa, the clinical question if it may become pathogenic is unclear and require an explanation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The presence of bacterial microcolonies on the maxillary sinus ciliary epithelium in healthy young individuals

et al. 2017

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“…It was previously thought that the sinuses, particularly the maxillary sinuses, were sterile. Recent studies have demonstrated conventional culture rates of between 18% and 41% from healthy patients . More recent studies using molecular microbiological techniques have shown that a complex microbiota exists in the middle meatus, even in healthy volunteers .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the paranasal sinuses between germ‐free and pathogen‐free mice

Jain

Waldvogel-Thurlow

Darveau

et al. 2016

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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“…None of his patients had suffered from sinusitis or allergic rhinitis in the past. In addition to patient history, clinical and radiological examinations have been used to define the normal, healthy maxillary sinus (Cook and Haber, 1987). Any evidence of sinus or nasal inflammation from either examination excluded patients from the healthy maxillary sinus group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriology of endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses

et al. 1999

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The bacteriology of maxillary sinuses with normal endoscopic findings is reported in this study. When transantral sinoscopy was used to examine the maxillary sinuses, the whole maxillary sinus was inspected with different-angle endoscopes. If no lesion was seen over the whole maxillary sinus mucosa, no secretion existed in the maxillary sinus cavity, and the maxillary sinus ostium was wide open, the maxillary sinus was considered endoscopically normal. The bacteriology of these endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses was studied by passing cotton-tipped sticks through the cannula to collect swab specimens. In some cases, a biopsy forceps was also passed to obtain mucosal specimens. The specimens were sent to the laboratory for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Between July 1990 and May 1998, 83 swab and 31 mucosal specimens were collected from 69 patients who had not taken any antibiotic within 10 days before endoscopy. The culture rates were 62.3 per cent (35/53) from swab specimens and 57.1 per cent (eight out of 14) from mucosal specimens in patients with the diagnosis of chronic paranasal sinusitis, and were 46.7 per cent (14/30) from swab specimens and 41. 2 per cent (seven out of 17) from mucosal specimens in patients without this diagnosis. This study shows that endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses are not sterile.

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Bacteriology of the maxillary sinus

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

The presence of bacterial microcolonies on the maxillary sinus ciliary epithelium in healthy young individuals

The presence of bacterial microcolonies on the maxillary sinus ciliary epithelium in healthy young individuals

Differences in the paranasal sinuses between germ‐free and pathogen‐free mice

Bacteriology of endoscopically normal maxillary sinuses

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