Bacteriology of acute otitis media in Japan and chemotherapy, with special reference to Haemophilus influenzae

Sugita, Rinya; Kawamura, Shozo; Ichikawa, Ginichiro; Fujimaki, Yutaka; Deguchi, Kentaro

doi:10.1016/s0165-5876(83)80114-1

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Haemophilus influenzae was previously considered to be a main causative pathogen of primarily infantile acute otitis media, as compared to acute otitis media in older children. However, this pathogen has been detected in older age groups, with a relatively high frequency in various investigations (Sarashina, 1941;Howie etal, 1970;Schwartz and Rodriquez, 1981;Sugita et al, 1983;Dudley and Ament, 1980). In the present study, we found Haemophilus influenzae in all age groups (Fig.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…We found Streptococcus pneumoniae Type HI to have a low incidence of detection in juveniles (1-2 percent), but a fairly significant number (about 30 per cent) of adult patients exhibited this pathogen (Fig. 3) (Sugita et al, 1983), and Streptococcus pneumoniae Type III shows an increase in patients over 50 years old, as Fig. 4 pathogen is responsible for mucoid otitis media, a severe disorder.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Bacteriological features and chemotherapy of adult acute purulent otitis media

1985

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Eighty-eight patients from 16 to 79 years old, with acute purulent otitis media, were bacteriologically examined at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of a primary care hospital in Tokyo from July 1979 to May 1983. Fifty-six patients underwent paracentesis, and 32 patients exhibited otorrhea due to previous spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane.Bacteriologic cultures revealed the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (62.5 per cent), including S. pneumoniae Type III (28.1 per cent), Haemophilus influenzae (10.5 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus (11.5 per cent), and Streptococcus pyogenes (7.3 per cent). S. pneumoniae Type III had a notably high detection rate in patients from 50 to 79 years old (50–75 per cent). Because Haemophilus influenzae was detected at a relatively high rate in patients of all ages, if can be considered as a was detected at a relatively high rate in patients of all ages, if can be considered as a major causative pathogen of AOM.In 44 patients, selected mainly from those who underwent paracentesis, a comparative study of bacteria found in middle ear fluid and naso-pharyngeal mucus revealed the same nacteria in 43 out of 44 cases. (97.7 per cent), indicating the presence of bacterial infection through the auditory canal.Antibiotics were selected according to an Expected Efficiacy Index (EEI), the antibiotic of first choice being Ampicillin or Cefaclor.

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confidence: 58%

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confidence: 71%

Bacteriological features and chemotherapy of adult acute purulent otitis media

1985

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“…The relatively high detection rate of H. influenzae [5] in RTI as well as the growing emergence of resistant strains of H. influenzae call for a potent and welltolerated drug. Finch [6] states that so far no ideal oral cephalosporin is available for this indication.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cefetamet Pivoxil a New Oral Cephalosporin: Clinical Evaluation

1988

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Cefetamet pivoxil, an oral cephalosporin, was given to 683 patients; 414 received standard antibiotics. 1.5 and 1.2 g of cefetamet pivoxil were fully effective in gonorrhea. In two trials in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) 2 g cefetamet as a single dose was significantly superior (93.3% cure) to 2 g cefadroxil (74.4% cure) and 90.8% vs. 74.7% cure. Results in complicated UTI with 2 g cefetamet for 10 days were 87.9% cure and 71.4% cure with cefadroxil. In acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis 88% were cured with cefetamet (101 patients) and 80% with cefaclor (n = 94). In acute ear-nose-throat infections, the response rate was 89% and 93% with 1 or 2 g cefetamet per day, respectively. Adverse events were noticed in 6% of the 683 cefetamet-treated patients; they were rapidly reversible.

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“…A positive correlation between upper respiratory viral infections and incidence of OM in children has been found (Henderson et al, 1982). Sugita et al (1981Sugita et al ( , 1983) demonstrated that differences in the frequency of isolation of the various causative species in different parts of the world are probably due in large part to differences in methodology protocols. In addition, a proportion of studies showing "sterile specimens" or "no significant pathogen present" may, in part, be due to inappropriate specimen transport, or to limited or inappropriate culture methodologies (e.g., Howie et al, 1970;Klein, 1980).…”

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Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

Daniel

Schmidt

Fulghum

et al. 1988

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Otitis media, common in children, can result in middle ear structure alteration and hearing loss, and, hence, in language development deficiency. Physical anthropologists are qualified to do innovative research into the causes of this costly disease, which have not yet been delineated. The prevalence of otitis media appears related to age, sex, ethnicity, and environment. Investigation is warranted in areas such as the measurement of variability in eustachian tube, middle ear cleft, and mastoid process anatomy and physiology; the epidemiology and genetic mechanism of otitis media; and the microbiology and immunology as well as pathological studies of cranial variation as it relates to otitis media.Otitis media (OM), one of the most common diseases of childhood, is the problem most frequently seen by pediatricians in the US. Nearly 10% of all pediatric patients are those with OM, and if pediatricians dealt with children during their first year of life only, the estimate would be as high as 50% (Van Cauwenberge, 1985). Acute OM, the presence of fluid in the middle ear, may be accompanied by signs and symptoms including pain, hearing loss, irritability, fever, and malaise. The infection duration can vary from days to months and may result in alteration of middle ear structures, hearing loss, language development deficiency, and increased susceptibility to recurrence. Without the use of antibiotics, the sequelae of chronic OM often include labyrinthitis, meningitis, mastoiditis, tympanic membrane rupture, and cholesteatoma. The younger the age at which OM first occurs, the greater the risk of recurrences (Paradise, 1980). The condition may persist for weeks or months, even after the clinical signs of acute otitis media have already resolved (Shurin et al., 1979).Hearing loss, following from the presence of fluid and/or negative pressure in the middle ear, is a serious complication of OM, and many infected children spend prolonged periods during their first years of life with impaired or fluctuating conductive hearing losses. Chronic OM may also cause a sensorineural hearing lossoften irreversible (Bess, 1983). Katz (1978) even suggested (but never demonstrated) that the central deprivation caused by the peripheral conductive and/or sensorineural loss produces a form of auditory deprivation that can lead to anatomical and physiological changes in the brainstem and higher cortical areas.Of special concern are children who have OM from birth (Pestalozza, 1984) to age 3 years, a particularly common time of occurrence, as this period is critical for language acquisition (Lenneberg, 1967). Children with histories of OM during the first 3 years of life frequently have disturbances in auditory processing, an inconsistent auditory signal making the stream of speech difficult to segment. This difficulty creates confusion in the child's attempts to abstract word meanings and grammatical regularities (Berko-Gleason, 1983). Furthermore, the child's irritability, malaise, 0 1988 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol. 31, 1988 and dec...

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Bacteriology of acute otitis media in Japan and chemotherapy, with special reference to Haemophilus influenzae

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Bacteriological features and chemotherapy of adult acute purulent otitis media

Bacteriological features and chemotherapy of adult acute purulent otitis media

Cefetamet Pivoxil a New Oral Cephalosporin: Clinical Evaluation

Otitis media: A problem for the physical anthropologist

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