Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Hospitalacquired Septicemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North East India

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial agents responsible for hospital acquired septicemia and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the bacterial isolates. Methods:A total of 350 hospitalized cases clinically suspected to have hospital acquired septicemia were included in this cross-sectional observational study over a period of 1 year. Blood samples were collected for culture with aseptic precautions following universal precautions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolates was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines.Results: Out of 350 blood culture samples collected, 41.4% (145) were culture positive. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 61.4% of these blood culture positive samples and the most frequently identified were coagulase negative staphylococci (35.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%). Among the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (19.3%), Typhi (9.7%), and Klebsiella spp. (6.9%) were the main isolates. In our study, staphylococci showed maximum resistance to penicillin and erythromycin. Enterobacteriaceae had maximum resistance to gentamicin, amoxyclav, and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion:Gram-positive pathogens predominated in the blood stream infections. Résistance to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, especially in Gram-negative bacteria was significantly high. Therefore, rapid microbiological diagnosis and the determinants of antimicrobial susceptibility become relevant for early initiation of antimicrobial therapy.

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern among patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study

“…A similar study carried out somewhere else by Ahsan et al 24 and Annamalei et al, 3 also yielded the same results where they observed >75% resistance to colistin. In the present study, it was found that CONS showed the highest resistance to Benzylpenicillin (84.4%), Erythromycin (69.2%) and Oxacillin (58.8%), which was observed to be similar to the results obtained from studies carried out by Mohanty et al, 10 (75%) and Khosravi et al, 26 (70.6%) showing high resistance to Penicillin.…”

“…Thus, it is essential to find the susceptibility pattern of the antibiotic among sepsis patients. 10 A total of 28 antibiotics were tested for susceptibility in the study population for various organisms, out of which 23 antibiotics showed >50% resistance. In the study, Klebsiella pneumonia was found to be highly resistant to Tigecycline (68.5%), Ceftriaxone (60.3%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (58.9%), Piperacillin/ Tazobactam (53.4%) and Ciprofloxacin (52.1%).…”

“…Anticipated proportion (Culture positive sepsis patients is 41.4% for the reference Mohanty et al, 10 ), anticipated precision = 5%.…”

Gram negative organisms isolated from Blood Cultures and their Susceptibility Pattern

“…But for that purpose, the clinicians must know about the antimicrobial resistance pattern of common pathogens causing sepsis. The prevalence of causative organisms of sepsis differs from region to region 15 . The surveillance of pathogens isolated from blood cultures in a hospital will help in determining the organisms causing bloodstream infections in different clinical disciplines.…”

Clinical spectrum and risk factors for hospital-acquired septicemia in a tertiary care centre of North-East India

“…In addition, they impose a heavy cost on hospitals causing increased hospitalization time, increased morbidity, and mortality. [ 4 5 ] A bacteriological culture to isolate the offending pathogens remains the mainstay of definite diagnosis of septicemia. It takes a minimum of 2–3 days to finalize the culture report and start the appropriate therapy.…”