Bacteriological investigation of a case of red discolouration in Dutch salted summer herring

Luijpen, A. F. M. G.; Mossel, D. À. A.; Broek, C. J. H. van den

doi:10.1007/bf02594833

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The origin of salt may influence the development of red heat, with marine salt containing high levels of halophilic bacteria compared to rock salt (Trüper and Galinski, ). Materials other than hides can also exhibit the red‐pitted putrescence phenomena, having in common some form of contact with sea salt, such as the salted summer herring studied by Luijpen and colleagues ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking the measles‐like parchment discoloration: molecular and microanalytical approach

Piñar

Sterflinger

Pinzari

2014

Environmental Microbiology

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Many ancient parchments are defaced by red or purple maculae associated with localized destruction of collagen fibres. Although the main characteristics of this damage were present in most of the manuscripts analysed by many authors, no common microbial or fungal denominator has been found so far, and little or no correspondence between the microbial or fungal species isolated from materials could be addressed. In this study, culture-independent molecular methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to identify fungal and bacterial communities on parchments affected by the purple stains. Protocols for c extraction and nucleic-acid-based strategies were selected for assays examining the community structure of fungi and bacteria on biodeteriorated parchment. Both SEM and molecular analysis detected the presence of bacterial and fungal cells in the damaged areas. Halophilic, halotolerant proteolytic bacterial species were selected by the saline environment provided by the parchment samples. As common microbial denominators, members of the Actinobacteria, mainly Saccharopolyspora spp. and species of Aspergillus, were detected in all investigated cases. It is proposed that a relationship exists between the phenomenon of purple spots on ancient parchments and that of the ‘red heat’ phenomenon, known to be present in some products manufactured with marine salt.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%