Bacteriological Examination of Well Water in Wukari, Nigeria

Agwaranze, Dawn Ify; Ogodo, Alloysius Chibuike; Nwaneri, Chioma Blessing; Agyo, Paul

doi:10.12983/ijsres-2017-p0042-0046

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The result of the present study showed that total viable bacterial count in the drinking water samples ranged from 6.0×102 CFU/ml to 4.0×108 CFU/ml; this was high and exceeded the recommended limit of <500 CFU/ml. This result is similar to the work of Ngwa and Chrysanthus [27] and Agwaranze et al [28] who reported viable count of bacteria in the range of 2.0×103 CFU/ml to 7.3×104 CFU/ml and8.6×103 CFU/ml to 3.04×104 CFU/ml respectively. The high bacteria count is an indication that the various sources of the drinking water samples are highly contaminated which could be of public health concern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water in Zamfara North Senatorial District, Nigeria

Fardami

Mamuda

Kangiwa

2019

MRJI

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Provision of portable drinking water is of public health concern especially in developing countries where this is unavailable. Microbes are ubiquitous and are known to contaminate materials including food and water. Microbial contamination cannot be detected by sight, smell or taste. A basic laboratory test is the best way to tell if coliform organisms are present as they can be there with no appearance or taste difference. The microbiological quality of drinking water (DW) in Zamfara North Senatorial Zone was examined. A total of 16, two each from each of eight brands of sachet water were bought from water vendors, and were examined for total bacteria load, total coliform and presence of bacteria species using standard microbiological techniques. The result showed that the total viable count of bacteria in all the samples ranged from 6.0×102 CFU/ml to 4.0×108 CFU/ml. Total coliform was 1.8×107 MPN/100 ml for all the four tested samples (D, G, I, J). The organisms isolated were Pseudomonas maltophila, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas pseudomollia, Salmonella typhi, Shigella species, and Pseudomonas dimineta. Prevalence of different isolates revealed that Pseudomonas, C. freundii, S. typhi and E. coli were predominant in comparison to Shigella species. The present study revealed that the microbial quality often exceed World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) allowable limit of 1.0x102 CFU/ml for potable water and Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) maximum permissible level of 10 CFU/ml (total coliform) and 0 CFU/100ml. The high microbial isolates and load may have contaminated the water from the environment. These microbes found in the drinking water sources are known to cause several diseases. Present study indicate that water testing would ensure the supply and availability of contamination-free drinking water; and awareness amongst people towards sanitation and hygienic conditions for storage of drinking water is needed to keep away the use of contaminated water. The present study suggests that drinking water sources should be properly treated prior to consumption using appropriate methods; so as to reduce the occurrence of waterborne diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water in Zamfara North Senatorial District, Nigeria

Fardami

Mamuda

Kangiwa

2019

MRJI

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“…The total viable bacterial counts (TVBC) for all the samples were generally high, exceeding the limit of 2.0 log cfu/ml which was the standard limit for heterotrophic count of drinking water [16]. This is in agreement with findings from study by Agwaranze, et al [17] who also reported a considerable high TVBC from different well water samples collected in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria. The high TVBC observed in the well water samples indicated the presence of high organic matter and related nutrient sources.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Microbial Reduction Potential of Chlorine and its Contribution to Incidence of Stress Response Genes in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Olowe

Adelegan

2021

ARRB

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Background: The quest for potability of drinking water in various homes led to the widely use of chlorine or chlorine compound in treatment of water. Which however has contributed to increasing incidences of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the microbial reduction potential and contribution of Sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, to incidence of stress response genes in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Study Design: Experimental Design was adopted in this study Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University between October, 2019 and February, 2020. Methodology: Sixteen (16) different water samples were randomly collected from various homes in Ajilosun, Ado-Ekiti and were chlorinated following manufacturer’s instruction. Microbial load of both raw and chlorinated water was determined using standard pour plate technique. Standard streaking method was used to isolate bacteria from chlorinated water samples. Standard CLSI technique was used to test the sensitivity of isolates to different antibiotics and PCR technique was employed to detect stress response genes (RpoS, RpoN, KatF genes) in multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates. Results: The result showed 24% and 52% reduction in the microbial load of well and pipe-borne water samples respectively following treatment with NaOCl for 180 sec. The different identified bacterial isolates recovered from chlorinated water samples included Enterobacter aerogenes (7.14 %), Proteus vulgaris (10.71 %), Escherichia coli (25 %), Bacillus cereus (32.14 %), Bacillus licheniformis (14.29 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.70 %). The bacterial isolates demonstrated varying resistance pattern to the different antibiotics. RpoS, RpoN and KatF genes encoding stress responses were detected in some of the tested antibiotic-resistant isolates. Conclusion: The study therefore stresses the importance of chlorination in contributing to increasing incidence of resistance of bacteria to stressors in the environment. Hence, subverting chlorination efficacy in treatment of water.

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“…An incidence of 46.67% and 26.67% of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. amongst other pathogenic organisms in 15 well samples in Wukari, Northern Nigeria, has been reported[18]. Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella spp are pathogens of relevance for drinking water, with infective dose ranging from >10 4 organisms for both Escherichia coli and Shigella spp obtained in this study predisposes the populace to a worrisome measure of health risk, when the water is consumed.…”

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confidence: 50%

Recovery Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Some Enteric Bacteria from Well Waters in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria

Elutade

Olutunde

Akinola

et al. 2019

JAMB

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The recovery incidence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella species in water from 15 different wells located in Iwo, Osun state, were investigated in an effort to determine the potential health risks associated with the consumption of the water. Each well water sample was separately initially cultured in a non-selective pre-enrichment broth for 24 hours, and subsequently, subcultured on sterile Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar for Escherichia coli and Salmonella-Shigella agar for Salmonella and Shigella species, using the pour-plate technique and the microbial counts recorded. With the aid of the disc diffusion method, 0.5 McFarland of each target organism was screened on Mueller-Hinton agar for antibiotic susceptibility profile. Results showed a recovery incidence of E. coli (87%), Salmonella species (80%) and Shigella species (100%). was observed while the microbial counts for E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella species differed significantly in each of the wells sampled. Antibiotic sensitivity profile observed showed 100% isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp were resistant to augmentin. There were also presence of multi-antibiotic resistance strains with 66.67% of the E. coli isolates resistant to the combinations of cefixime, augmentin and nitrofuration, It is suggested that simple hygienic practice, such as regular disinfection of the wells with chemicals, boiling and filtration of water before drinking would eliminate not only the prevalence of these pathogens but also the spread of both antibiotic and multi-antibiotic resistance traits in the consumed water, hence making it safe for the health of the humans in the study population.

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Bacteriological Examination of Well Water in Wukari, Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water in Zamfara North Senatorial District, Nigeria

Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water in Zamfara North Senatorial District, Nigeria

Microbial Reduction Potential of Chlorine and its Contribution to Incidence of Stress Response Genes in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Recovery Incidence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Some Enteric Bacteria from Well Waters in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria

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