Bacteriological, Biochemical, and Immunological Modifications in Human Colostrum After Holder Pasteurisation

Espinosa-Martos, Irene; Montilla, Antonia; Segura, Aránzazu Gómez de; Escuder, Diana; Bustos, Gerardo; Pallás, Carmen; Rodríguez, Juan M.; Corzo, Nieves; Fernández, Leónides

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31828393ed

Cited by 47 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The low resistance of IgMs to pasteurization has also been confirmed more recently on colostrum [20,31,32]. The same behavior has also been observed for IgG concentrations in both milk [26,28,29,30] and in colostrum [20,31,32]. The specific thermal resistance of different IgGs subclasses was also detailed: IgG1 were not affected by HoP, while IgG4 were reduced, and IgG2 and IgG3 were undetectable in both fresh and pasteurized milk samples [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Ford et al [24] analyzed a single pooled milk sample, while Evans et al [30] used samples derived from overflow milk. The detrimental effect of HoP on IgAs was also confirmed on colostrum samples [20,31,32]. A reduction in protein bands recognized by means of anti-IgAs antibodies, although not quantified, was also reported [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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The Effect of Holder Pasteurization on Nutrients and Biologically-Active Components in Donor Human Milk: A Review

Moro²,

et al. 2016

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When a mother’s milk is unavailable, the best alternative is donor milk (DM). Milk delivered to Human Milk Banks should be pasteurized in order to inactivate the microbial agents that may be present. Currently, pasteurization, performed at 62.5 °C for 30 min (Holder Pasteurization, HoP), is recommended for this purpose in international guidelines. Several studies have been performed to investigate the effects of HoP on the properties of DM. The present paper has the aim of reviewing the published papers on this topic, and to provide a comparison of the reported variations of biologically-active DM components before and after HoP. This review was performed by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL and Cochrane Library databases. Studies that clearly identified the HoP parameters and compared the same DM samples, before and after pasteurization, were focused on. A total of 44 articles satisfied the above criteria, and were therefore selected. The findings from the literature report variable results. A possible explanation for this may be the heterogeneity of the test protocols that were applied. Moreover, the present review spans more than five decades, and modern pasteurizers may be able to modify the degradation kinetics for heat-sensitive substances, compared to older ones. Overall, the data indicate that HoP affects several milk components, although it is difficult to quantify the degradation degree. However, clinical practices demonstrate that many beneficial properties of DM still persist after HoP.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

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The Effect of Holder Pasteurization on Nutrients and Biologically-Active Components in Donor Human Milk: A Review

Moro²,

et al. 2016

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“…The data presented here were the results of multiplexing with the matrix protocol referenced above. Matrix notwithstanding, our findings confirm those of the Espinosa-Martos et al 22 study of a similar panel of CCGF in human milk after Holder pasteurization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These data are in agreement with a recent publication of a study that used multiplexing of many of the same CCGF. 22 The investigators reported measurable CCGF in both Holder pasteurized colostrum and mature milk in a smaller sample, although their reported median values of CCGF levels were different from ours, which may be related to matrix effects. We have measured analytes in many human milk samples by multiplexing and observed significant matrix effects on measurement values when using the manufacturer's (Millipore) kits and matrix solutions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors in Banked Human Donor Milk for Preterm Infants

et al. 2014

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Background There has been a recent increase in availability of banked donor milk for feeding of preterm infants. This milk is pooled from donations to milk banks from carefully screened lactating women. The milk is then pasteurized by the Holder method to remove all microbes. The processed milk is frozen, banked, and sold to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The nutrient bioavailability of banked donor milk has been described, but little is known about preservation of immune components such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (CCGF). Objective The objective was to compare CCGF in banked donor milk with mother's own milk (MOM). Methods Aliquots (0.5 mL) were collected daily from MOM pumped by 45 mothers of NICU-admitted infants weighing < 1500 grams at birth. All daily aliquots of each mother's milk were pooled each week during 6 weeks of an infant's NICU stay or for as long as the mother provided MOM. The weekly pooled milk was measured for a panel of CCGF through multiplexing using magnetic beads and a MAGPIX instrument. Banked donor milk samples (n = 25) were handled and measured in the same way as MOM. Results Multiplex analysis revealed that there were levels of CCGF in banked donor milk samples comparable to values obtained from MOM after 6 weeks of lactation. Conclusion These data suggest that many important CCGF are not destroyed by Holder pasteurization.

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Human milk immune factors, maternal nutritional status, and infant sex: The INSPIRE study

Caffé

Blackwell

Fehrenkamp

et al. 2023

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesBreastfeeding is an energetically costly and intense form of human parental investment, providing sole‐source nutrition in early infancy and bioactive components, including immune factors. Given the energetic cost of lactation, milk factors may be subject to tradeoffs, and variation in concentrations have been explored utilizing the Trivers‐Willard hypothesis. As human milk immune factors are critical to developing immune system and protect infants against pathogens, we tested whether concentrations of milk immune factors (IgA, IgM, IgG, EGF, TGFβ2, and IL‐10) vary in response to infant sex and maternal condition (proxied by maternal diet diversity [DD] and body mass index [BMI]) as posited in the Trivers‐Willard hypothesis and consider the application of the hypothesis to milk composition.MethodsWe analyzed concentrations of immune factors in 358 milk samples collected from women residing in 10 international sites using linear mixed‐effects models to test for an interaction between maternal condition, including population as a random effect and infant age and maternal age as fixed effects.ResultsIgG concentrations were significantly lower in milk produced by women consuming diets with low diversity with male infants than those with female infants. No other significant associations were identified.ConclusionsIgG concentrations were related to infant sex and maternal diet diversity, providing minimal support for the hypothesis. Given the lack of associations across other select immune factors, results suggest that the Trivers‐Willard hypothesis may not be broadly applied to human milk immune factors as a measure of maternal investment, which are likely buffered against perturbations in maternal condition.

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Bacteriological, Biochemical, and Immunological Modifications in Human Colostrum After Holder Pasteurisation

Abstract: Lactulose and furosine content could be used as heat treatment indicators in colostrum samples. Holder pasteurisation modified the immunological profile of both colostrum and mature milk.

Cited by 47 publications

References 47 publications

The Effect of Holder Pasteurization on Nutrients and Biologically-Active Components in Donor Human Milk: A Review

The Effect of Holder Pasteurization on Nutrients and Biologically-Active Components in Donor Human Milk: A Review

Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors in Banked Human Donor Milk for Preterm Infants

Human milk immune factors, maternal nutritional status, and infant sex: The INSPIRE study

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