Bacteriologic Stupies of Experimental Salmonella Infections in Chicks

Milner, Kelsey C.; Shaffer, Morris F.

doi:10.1093/infdis/90.1.81

Cited by 106 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The study showed that 52-9 % of the flocks were environmentally contaminated with salmonellas. Prevalence of salmonellas in layer flocks Considering the fact that the environment of adult hens was examined, it was expected that the percentage would be lower because chickens rapidly become resistant to salmonella infection with increase in age [35,36]. The finding that such a high percentage of the environmental samples were contaminated with salmonellas may be explained by persistence of contamination in poultry houses for long periods of time and for consecutive generations of birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial layer flocks

Poppe¹,

Irwin²,

Forsberg³

et al. 1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYA survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other salmonellas among Canadian commercial egg producing flocks. Environmental (faecal and eggbelt) samples from 152 of 295 (52-9 %) randomly selected flocks were contaminated with salmonellas. Thirty-five different salmonella serovars were isolated. Eggbelt samples were more often contaminated with salmonellas than faecal samples (25-7 v. 10-1 %). The most prevalent serovars were S. heidelberg, S. infantis, S. hadar, and S. schwarzengrund; they were isolated from samples of 59/295 (20%), 18/295 (6-1 %), 17/295 (5-8%), and 15/295 (541%) flocks, respectively. Feed samples of 21/295 (7-2 %) flocks were contaminated with salmonellas. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the environmental samples of 8/295 (2-7 %) flocks. Salmonella enteritidis phage type (PT) 8 was isolated from 5 flocks, PT 13a from 2 flocks, and PT 13 from 1 flock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial layer flocks

Poppe¹,

Irwin²,

Forsberg³

et al. 1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…However, the reasons for this are not understood. Those serotypes which colonise the chicken alimentary tract well are generally isolated most frequently from the caeca and, to a lesser extent, from the crop (Milner and Shaffer, 1952;Shaffer et al, 1957;Brownell et al, 1969;Snoeyenbos et al, 1982). In explanation of this, microscopical evidence has been presented of physical attachment of Salmonella organisms to the epithelium of this organ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal colonisation in the chicken by food‐poisoningsalmonellaserotypes; Microbial characteristics associated with faecal excretion

Barrow¹,

Simpson²,

Lovell³

1988

Avian Pathology

178

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SUMMARYFollowing oral inoculation of newly-hatched or three-week-old chickens, Salmonella organisms persisted longest in the caeca and they were also present for a shorter time in the crop. S. cholerae-suis, E. coli K12 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not colonise the alimentary tract when inoculated orally, but they persisted longer in the caeca than in other regions of the gut. This suggested that preferential localisation of Salmonella in the caeca may be the result of non-specific or host factors. This may include the slow rate of flow of contents through this organ which would allow greater microbial multiplication and persistence. Some Salmonella strains, particularly S. typhimurium, inoculated orally into three-week-old chickens were isolated in greater numbers from homogenates of the crop wall and, much less frequently, from the caecal wall, than from the luminal contents of these organs. None of the strains associated with the crop wall to the same extent as did lactobacilli.After oral inoculation of food-poisoning Salmonella serotypes the number of chickens excreting Salmonellae in their faeces gradually declined over a period of at least 4 weeks. In contrast, host adapted serotypes such as S. cholerae-suis and S. abortus-ovis were not excreted for longer than a few days. By testing mutants of S. typhimurium and S. infantis which were devoid of easily recognised characteristics it was concluded that neither flagellar (H) antigens, somatic (O) antigens, mannose-sensitive haemagglutinins nor the possession of the virulenceassociated 85 kilobase plasmid of S. typhimurium, were essential for colonisation (persistent faecal excretion). However, a mutant of S. infantis which was created by nitroso-guanidine treatment still possessed flagellar and somatic antigens and haemagglutinins and yet did not colonise the alimentary tract, indicating that an unidentified microbial factor was essential for colonisation.

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“…The greater susceptibility of young chicks to intestinal colonization by food poisoning salmonellas when compared with adult chickens (Milner & Shaffer, 1952) has been attributed to the simpler composition of the gut microflora in the young bird and the relatively slow rate at which the adult flora is acquired under commercial conditions because of the particular emphasis on hygiene and disinfection in hatching and rearing operations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive exclusion of salmonellas from the chick caecum using a defined mixture of bacterial isolates from the caecal microflora of an adult bird

Impey

Mead

George

1982

J. Hyg.

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SummaryColonization of the caeca of newly hatched chicks by Salmonella typhimurium was prevented by oral administration of a mixture of cultures comprising 48 different bacterial strains originating from an adult bird known to be free from salmonellas. The treatment conferred protection to the same degree as that obtained previously with a suspension of adult caecal contents or an undefined anaerobic culture from the same source and was demonstrated in four separate laboratory trials.Examination of the caecal microflora of chicks one day after being given the protective treatment showed that the presence of high levels of lactobacilli and Bacteroides spp. which are not found usually at two days of age in chicks produced under commercial conditions was indicative of the successful establishment of an adult-type microflora.Although the usual method of administering the protective organisms was to dose the chicks directly into the crop, it was also found possible to incorporate the organisms in the drinking water given to the birds at dilutions up to one in five, the maximum tested.When chicks were given the bacterial mixture via the crop and fed on a diet containing 10 mg kg−1 nitrovin and 100 mg kg−1 monensin, the bacteroides failed to establish in the caeca and the birds were not protected against salmonella colonization. However, when the bacterial cultures were incorporated in the drinking water and the chicks given the same feed, normal protection was obtained; possible reasons for these observations are discussed.

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Bacteriologic Stupies of Experimental Salmonella Infections in Chicks

Cited by 106 publications

References 14 publications

The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial layer flocks

The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial layer flocks

Intestinal colonisation in the chicken by food‐poisoningsalmonellaserotypes; Microbial characteristics associated with faecal excretion

Competitive exclusion of salmonellas from the chick caecum using a defined mixture of bacterial isolates from the caecal microflora of an adult bird

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