Bacteriologic Experimentation on the Guinea Pig Fetus

Woolpert, Oram C.; Stritar, Joseph; Neiman, Irwin S.; Markham, Floyd S.; Hudson, N. Paul

doi:10.1126/science.83.2157.419

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Pregnant rabbits have been infected with Listerella monocytogenes (Gray, Singh and Thorp, 1955)) and guinea-pigs with J'ibrio fetus (Ristic and Morse, 1953). In addition the experimental infection of the rat placenta with a variety of bacterial species has been studied histopathologically and bacteriologically (Payne, 1957 and1960). The available evidence indicates that there may be some advantage in using pregnant laboratory animals for the study of viruses and bacteria that do not readily infect adult animals, but will localise and proliferate in fetal tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experimental infection of pregnant rats with the virus of enzootic abortion of sheep

Payne

Belyavin

1960

J. Pathol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experimental infection of pregnant rats with the virus of enzootic abortion of sheep

Payne

Belyavin

1960

J. Pathol.

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“…Technique of Inoculating the Fetuses and Recovering the Virus.--This procedure has been described previously in detail (1). Briefly, the ventral surface of the mother animal was clipped and shaved over a wide area and then painted with disinfectant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Vaccinia Virus in the Rabbit Fetus

Gallagher

Woolpert

1940

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. A method is described for propagation of bacteria-free vaccinia virus in the rabbit fetus. 2. For the production of severe generalized infection, affording a high yield of virus, the following conditions were found to be favorable: the use of 24 day fetuses, a virus dosage of 10,000 adult rabbit skin units, injection into multiple sites, and an incubation period of 4 days in utero. 3. Under these conditions the virus was found to disseminate widely in the infected fetus, being recoverable particularly from liver, lungs, brain, skin, placenta, and kidney. 4. Under varied conditions of virus dosage, fetal age, and incubation period, all grades of reaction were observed in the fetus, ranging from the mildest infection, with only an occasional small lesion demonstrable, to generalized vaccinia with pocks in nearly every organ of the body, and often death. 5. It was shown that the virus could be carried in serial passage through fetuses. A series of 27 such passages was made by using fetal skin for subinoculation at each transfer. Similarly, two other strains of the virus were evolved in shorter series of transfers by using respectively fetal brain and fetal liver as the subinocula. 6. The passage strains maintained their identity and titer, as judged by the intradermal inoculation of adult rabbits. However, these strains underwent a significant reduction in their capacity to infect by the scarification method, and the lesions induced by intradermal inoculation were much milder than those produced by the parent strain. None of the passage strains manifested properties characteristic of the so called neurovaccine strain, despite the frequent use of intracerebral inoculation in the fetuses. 7. In explanation of the reduction of virulence of the passage strains, it is suggested that a given suspension of virus may be considered as consisting of particles of varying degrees of virulence, and that when cultivation is carried out in highly susceptible tissues a relative overgrowth of the less virulent elements is permitted, so that apparent attenuation results.

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“…Intracerebral inoculation of the guinea pig fetus, following the technic of Woolpert (1936), was also attempted. The head of a 30-40 day old fetus is easily palpable and was held between the thumb and forefinger for the inoculation.…”

Section: Personal Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Source of Infection in Actinomycosis

Slack

1942

J Bacteriol

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There are two theories regarding the source of infection in actinomycosis. The exogenous theory introduced by Bostroem (1891) was based upon the fact that he observed awns of grass or gram' in the actinomycotic lesions of man and cattle. This theory has been propagated and enlarged upon by numerous authors but has gained support mainly from clinical observations.The endogenous theory did not receive recognition until relatively recent times, although supporting evidence can be found throughout the literature on actinomycosis. Lord (1910) noticed the occasional presence of organisms in sputum having the morphology of actinomycetes. By means of smears and sections, he also demonstrated actinomycetes in the contents of 16 carious teeth. Naeslund (1925) cultivated anaerobic actinomycetes from the oral cavity and stated that these organisms were nearly identical culturally with the anaerobic forms cultivated from cases of actinomycosis. Naeslund (1931) was unsuccessful in his attempt to produce experimental actinomycosis in animals with strains of anaerobic actinomycetes isolated from the oral cavity. Emmons (1935) cultivated anaerobic strains of actinomycetes from the oral cavity which resembled both culturally and morphologically the typical Actinomyces bovis. 1938 he cultured tonsils and obtained several strains of actinomycetes. These tonsillar strains were avirulent for guinea pigs. Lord and Trevett (1936) isolated 4 strains of anaerobic actino-I Summary of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at

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Bacteriologic Experimentation on the Guinea Pig Fetus

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

The experimental infection of pregnant rats with the virus of enzootic abortion of sheep

The experimental infection of pregnant rats with the virus of enzootic abortion of sheep

Propagation of Vaccinia Virus in the Rabbit Fetus

The Source of Infection in Actinomycosis

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