Bactericidal activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin and cephradine in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model

Leitner, F.; Goodhines, Richard A.; Buck, R. E.; Price, K. E.

doi:10.1007/bf01639667

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The bactericidal properties of ampicillin [53], cephalexin [54,55], marbofloxacin [30], and pradofloxacin [22,56] have been previously reported, as has the bacteriostatic properties of TMP/SMX [55]. For example, marbofloxacin at twice the MIC for S. pseudintermedius showed a 2 log 10 reduction in viable cells after 2 h of exposure, which increased to a >3 log 10 reduction 6 h of drug exposure [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

In Vitro Killing of Canine Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Marbofloxacin, Pradofloxacin, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Blondeau

Fitch

2021

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urinary tract infections are common in dogs, necessitating antimicrobial therapy. We determined the speed and extent of in vitro killing of canine urinary tract infection pathogens by five antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, cephalexin, marbofloxacin, pradofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) following the first 3 h of drug exposure. Minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations were determined for each strain. In vitro killing was determined by exposing bacteria to clinically relevant drug concentrations and recording the log10 reduction and percent kill in viable cells at timed intervals. Marbofloxacin and pradofloxacin killed more bacterial cells, and faster than other agents, depending on the time of sampling and drug concentration. Significant differences were seen between drugs for killing Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains. At the maximum urine drug concentrations, significantly more E. coli cells were killed by marbofloxacin than by ampicillin (p < 0.0001), cephalexin (p < 0.0001), and TMP/SMX (p < 0.0001) and by pradofloxacin than by cephalexin (p < 0.0001) and TMP/SMX (p < 0.0001), following 5 min of drug exposure. Rapid killing of bacteria should inform thinking on drug selection for short course therapy for uncomplicated UTIs, without compromising patient care, and is consistent with appropriate antimicrobial use and stewardship principles.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

In Vitro Killing of Canine Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Marbofloxacin, Pradofloxacin, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Blondeau

Fitch

2021

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nano-conjugates of Cefadroxil as Efficient Antibacterial Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial effect kinetics in an in vitro dynamic model

Firsov

Chernykh

Navashin

1990

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variants of the available methods for estimating antimicrobial effect kinetics in an in vitro dynamic model were analyzed. Two integral parameters characterizing antimicrobial effect duration (TE) and intensity (IE) are suggested to define and analyze the concentration-effect relationships in these models, irrespective of the method of recording. TE is defined by the time from the moment of antibiotic administration to the moment when the bacterial count again reaches its initial level. IE is defined by the area between the microbial growth curves in the presence and absence of an antibiotic. TE and IE were used to quantify the antimicrobial effects of sisomicin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa 58, Escherichia coli 93, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 5056, simulating the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs observed following intramuscular administration in therapeutic doses, including the variability of aminoglycoside concentrations in human blood.The development of dynamic models that allow the simulation of antibiotic pharmacokinetic profiles for the study of the kinetics of antimicrobial effect (AME) has provided a means for evaluating the role of the pharmacokinetic factor in the development of AME (5,8,10) and has stimulated the in vitro assessment of the relative effectiveness of various antibiotics and dosage regimens. However, despite strictly controlled conditions for experiments with dynamic models, conclusions about the preference of one drug or dosage regimen over another are essentially qualitative and not always unequivocal. This results to a considerable degree from deficiencies in the available methods for quantifying AME.The analysis of AME kinetics or, strictly speaking, the kinetics of microbial growth in the presence of an antibiotic traditionally employs models that describe the initial phase of cell growth inhibition under the action of the drug and compare microbial growth rates in the presence and absence of the antibiotic.It has been proposed that four parameters be evaluated to characterize more completely the quantitative change in microbial counts in the presence of an antibiotic. These include the time required for microbial count to be reduced by 99% (Tgg), the time required to reach the minimum count (Tmin), the minimum bacterial cell concentration (Bmin), and the time required for a subsequent 10-fold (1-log) increase in bacterial count (tulg) (19). Unfortunately, the last three parameters can be estimated only by counting CFU after samples are grown on solid nutrient media or with the microcalorimetric technique for Tgg (4). Since the high sensitivity of colony counts is "compensated" for by its insufficient accuracy, the estimates for the parameters Tgg, tjug, and especially Tmin may be only approximate. Moreover, the use of multiple parameters often does not allow the definitive assessment of AME, because of conflicting values of Tg, Bmin, and tjg. A comprehensive analysis of these and other AME parameters is presented elsewhere (8).In view of the above-mentioned considerations, we hav...

show abstract

Bactericidal activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin and cephradine in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

In Vitro Killing of Canine Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Marbofloxacin, Pradofloxacin, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

In Vitro Killing of Canine Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Marbofloxacin, Pradofloxacin, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Nano-conjugates of Cefadroxil as Efficient Antibacterial Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 11632

Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial effect kinetics in an in vitro dynamic model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About