Bacterial weathering of rapakivi granite

Vuorinen, Antti; Mantere-Alhonen, S.; Uusinoka, R.; Alhonen, Pentti

doi:10.1080/01490458109377771

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…on the basis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing (10). Vuorinen et al (41) observed elevated concentrations of K, Ca, Fe, Na, and Mg in the culture solutions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after incubation in the presence of Rapakivi granite. So far, no mineral weathering experiments with green algae, which are often present on rock surfaces (17), were performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering-Associated Bacteria from the Damma Glacier Forefield: Physiological Capabilities and Impact on Granite Dissolution

Frey

Rieder

Brunner

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

189

140

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. In particular, four bacterial isolates (one isolate each of Arthrobacter sp., Janthinobacterium sp., Leifsonia sp., and Polaromonas sp.) were weathering associated. In comparison to what was observed in abiotic experiments, the presence of these strains caused a significant increase of granite dissolution (as measured by the release of Fe, Ca, K, Mg, and Mn). These most promising weathering-associated bacterial species exhibited four main features rendering them more efficient in mineral dissolution than the other investigated isolates: (i) a major part of their bacterial cells was attached to the granite surfaces and not suspended in solution, (ii) they secreted the largest amounts of oxalic acid, (iii) they lowered the pH of the solution, and (iv) they formed significant amounts of HCN. As far as we know, this is the first report showing that the combined action of oxalic acid and HCN appears to be associated with enhanced elemental release from granite, in particular of Fe. This suggests that extensive microbial colonization of the granite surfaces could play a crucial role in the initial soil formation in previously glaciated mountain areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering-Associated Bacteria from the Damma Glacier Forefield: Physiological Capabilities and Impact on Granite Dissolution

Frey

Rieder

Brunner

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

189

140

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“…They thus change the local pH [69], whereas chemo-organotrophic bacteria and fungi can release chelating organic compounds [70] or weaken the structure by oxidizing metal cations such as Fe 2+ or Mn 2+ [71].…”

Section: (%) T I (°C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review

Stanaszek-Tomal

2020

Coatings

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The ability of microorganisms to degrade building materials depends on several factors. Biological corrosion occurs in close dependence with chemical and physical factors affecting microorganisms. The growth and development of microorganisms is stimulated by external stimuli, i.e., environmental factors. Microorganisms have a relatively large tolerance range for changes in environmental conditions. Under the right conditions, microorganisms thrive very well. The adverse effects may cause the inhibition of cell growth, damage, or lead to the death of the microorganism. Considering the impact of environmental factors on microorganisms, it is not possible to identify the most important of them. The result effect of overlapping factors determines the possibility of the growth of certain microorganisms. The main factors affecting the growth are temperature, humidity, hydrogen ion concentration in the environment, oxidoreductive potential, water activity in the environment, and hydrostatic pressure. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the factors causing biodeterioration. The influence of external/internal environment on the surface of cultural monuments made of mineral building materials, i.e., stone, concrete, mortar, etc., is presented.

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“…Sulfate is produced from oxidation of sulfide minerals that are accessorily present in basement rocks, mostly pyrite and pyrrhotite. The oxidation consumes oxygen dissolved in the recharge and is commonly biomediated (Vuorinen et al 1981). Acidity produced by the sulfate reactions is consumed by (Vovk 1987).…”

Section: Water In the Continental Upper Crust: Variability And Commonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluids in the upper continental crust

Bucher¹,

Stober²

2010

Geofluids

108

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The brittle upper continental crust predominantly consists of granite and gneiss. Fractures form an interconnected network of water-conducting structures with an appreciable permeability also providing substantial fluid-saturated fracture porosity. The chemical composition of fluids in the fracture porosity of granite and gneiss changes with depth. Near the surface Ca-Na-HCO 3 waters dominate. With increasing depth, water contains increasing amounts of alkalis and sulfate and grade into chloride-rich waters at greater depth. Total dissolved solids (TDS) of 10 5 mg l )1 are common at 5-km depth in most basement rocks. All reported deep fluids from the upper crust contain predominantly NaCl and CaCl 2 . The brines vary from NaCl-rich in granites to CaCl 2 -rich in mafic reservoir rocks such as amphibolites and gabbros. In regions of the crust with strong topography, fluid flow is important and recharge water may have flushed the basement efficiently, thereby removing old brine components from the granites. Water samples from the new Gotthard Rail Base Tunnel of the Alps represent this type of basement fluid. Analyzed fluids from up to 2.5-km depth differ from basement fluids from areas with less-extreme topography in the following ways. Such waters have relatively low TDS of some 100 mg l )1 and are typically of the Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 SO 4 type. pH tends to be high and varies from 9 to more than 10. Low Ca and ultra-low Mg of such waters result from efficient deposition of secondary Ca-Mg minerals as coatings on fracture walls. Reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 provides the oxidation capacity for sulfate production from primary rock sulfides. The composition of fluids in fractured continental crust at depths below 1-2 km depends strongly on the topography of the erosion surface. In crust with rugged alpine topography fluids at this depth are low-TDS high-pH waters that derive its composition from fluid-rock interaction alone. In crust with low-to-moderate topography, basement fluids are normally near neutral high-TDS Na-Ca chloride brines that derive the solutes not only from the rock matrix but also from external sources.

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Bacterial weathering of rapakivi granite

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Weathering-Associated Bacteria from the Damma Glacier Forefield: Physiological Capabilities and Impact on Granite Dissolution

Weathering-Associated Bacteria from the Damma Glacier Forefield: Physiological Capabilities and Impact on Granite Dissolution

Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review

Fluids in the upper continental crust

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