Bacterial tyrosine kinases: evolution, biological function and structural insights

Grangeasse, Christophe; Nessler, Sylvie; Mijaković, Ivan

doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0424

Cited by 121 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Bacterial tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases) belong to a minor family of protein kinases in bacteria (41,42). They are often associated with the biosynthesis of secreted polysaccharides (43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Tyrosine Kinase Activator TkmA Contributes to Biofilm Formation Largely Independently of the Cognate Kinase PtkA in Bacillus subtilis

Gao

Greenwich

et al. 2015

J Bacteriol

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In Bacillus subtilis, biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide (EPS), a key biofilm matrix component, is regulated at the posttranslational level by the bacterial tyrosine kinase (BY-kinase) EpsB. EpsB, in turn, relies on the cognate kinase activator EpsA for activation. A concerted role of a second BY-kinase-kinase activator pair, PtkA and TkmA, respectively in biofilm formation was also indicated in previous studies. However, the exact functions of PtkA and TkmA in biofilm formation remain unclear. In this work, we show that the kinase activator TkmA contributes to biofilm formation largely independently of the cognate kinase, PtkA. We further show that the biofilm defect caused by a ⌬tkmA mutation can be rescued by complementation by epsA, suggesting a functional overlap between TkmA and EpsA and providing a possible explanation for the role of TkmA in biofilm formation. We also show that the importance of TkmA in biofilm formation depends largely on medium conditions; the biofilm defect of ⌬tkmA is very severe in the biofilm medium LBGM (lysogenic broth M thiamine, 0.5% glycerol, 0.5% glutamic acid, 50 g/ml tryptophan, 50 g/ml threonine, and 50 g/ml phenylalanine). The molecular basis for the medium dependence is likely due to differential expression of tkmA and epsA in the two different media and complex regulation of these genes by both Spo0A and DegU. Our studies provide genetic evidence for possible cross talk between a BY-kinase activator (TkmA) and a noncognate kinase (EpsB) and an example of how environmental conditions may influence such cross talk in regulating biofilm formation in B. subtilis.[ IMPORTANCEIn bacteria, biosynthesis of secreted polysaccharides is often regulated by bacterial tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases). BY-kinases, in turn, rely on cognate kinase activators for activation. In this study, we investigated the role of a BY-kinase activator in biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis. We present evidence that different BY-kinase activators may functionally overlap each other, as well as an example of how activities of the BY-kinase activators may be highly dependent on environmental conditions. Our study broadens the understanding of the complexity of regulation of the BY-kinases/kinase activators and the influence on bacterial cell physiology. Biofilms are multicellular communities of bacteria with highly complex structures and distinct morphological features (1-4). One of the most important characteristics of biofilms is the presence of a self-produced extracellular matrix, which allows individual cells within the biofilm to stick to each other (2, 3, 5). In Bacillus subtilis, the biofilm matrix consists of an exopolysaccharide (EPS); the amyloid fiber-like protein TasA; and a small hydrophobin, BslA (6-11). The regulatory circuit that controls the expression of the matrix-encoding genes has been well studied in B. subtilis (5,(12)(13)(14). EPS and TasA fibers are produced by the protein products of two matrix operons, epsA-epsO and tapA-sipW-tasA, respectively (8, 15). These two opero...

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“…Bacterial tyrosine kinases (BY-kinases) belong to a minor family of protein kinases in bacteria (41,42). They are often associated with the biosynthesis of secreted polysaccharides (43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Tyrosine Kinase Activator TkmA Contributes to Biofilm Formation Largely Independently of the Cognate Kinase PtkA in Bacillus subtilis

Gao

Greenwich

et al. 2015

J Bacteriol

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“…Previous studies discovered that the P. gingivalis protein PGN_1524 exhibited homology to a tyrosine kinase [55,109]. This predicted tyrosine kinase was later confirmed and as the protein was named P. gingivalis tyrosine kinase-1 (Ptk1).…”

Section: 8c P Gingivalis Tyrosine Kinase-1 (Ptk1)mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This determination was made from in silico analysis of the genome of P. gingivalis 33277 [140]). These aforementioned proteotypical features are well conserved among prokaryotic BY kinases and include Walker A and B motifs, a transmembrane domain, as well as a C-terminal tyrosine-rich cluster [109,141]). …”

Section: Pgn_1524 Is a Bacterial Tyrosine (By) Kinase Present In P Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of kinases and phosphatases in the pathobiology of porphyromonas gingivalis.

Whitmore¹

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“…PGN_1524 encodes a tyrosine kinase which is required for secretion of extracellular polysaccharide and biofilm formation with S. gordonii [350]. Bacterial kinases have also been shown to be involved in stress responses, antibiotic resistance, and DNA metabolism [351][352][353]. PGN_0088 (sinR), encodes putative transcriptional regulator sinR involved in sequence-specific DNA binding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gestational diabetes mellitus and survival in tobacco smokers.

Gogeneni¹

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Bacterial tyrosine kinases: evolution, biological function and structural insights

Cited by 121 publications

References 105 publications

The Bacterial Tyrosine Kinase Activator TkmA Contributes to Biofilm Formation Largely Independently of the Cognate Kinase PtkA in Bacillus subtilis

The Bacterial Tyrosine Kinase Activator TkmA Contributes to Biofilm Formation Largely Independently of the Cognate Kinase PtkA in Bacillus subtilis

The role of kinases and phosphatases in the pathobiology of porphyromonas gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gestational diabetes mellitus and survival in tobacco smokers.

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