Bacterial Translocation from the Intestines

Berg, Rodney D.

doi:10.1538/expanim1978.34.1_1

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Without overt mucosal damage, such passage is likely to occur through lymph and mesen teric lymph nodes prior to entering the blood stream, liver and spleen [36]. Indeed, from our results it would appear that a location gradient in bacterial contamination of lymph nodes exists, thus suggesting that the lymphatic drainage system plays a role in bacterial translocation in our experimental pancreatitis model.…”

Section: Histological Studymentioning

confidence: 67%

Bacterial Translocation in the Course of Acute Pancreatitis: Beneficial Role of Nonabsorbable Antibiotics and Lactitol Enemas

Marotta

Geng²,

Wu³

et al. 1996

Digestion

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Two-hundred Wistar rats were allocated to 4 groups. The groups, 3 representing our acute pancreatitis model induced by intrabiliary injection of a trypsin/enterokinase mixture, were studied as follows: (A) no treatment; (B) given a daily 30-ml enema with 20 mg/kg rifaximin; (C) given a daily 30-ml enema with 20 mg/kg rifaximin plus lactitol 0.5 g/kg, and (D) given a daily 30-ml enema with warm saline. A further group of healthy rats was given an intrabiliary injection of 0.15 ml saline. Sacrifices were made after 6,12,24,48 and 72 h of observation. Serial blood samples were drawn to measure pancreatic enzymes and endotoxin. At sacrifice, ascites, lymph nodes, pancreas, spleen, portal vein blood, arterial blood and bile were obtained for bacteriological culture. Both enema treatments brought about a significant improvement in survival. Enema treatments did not affect the serum level of pancreatic enzymes. A time-course increase in endotoxin level was observed in untreated rats. However, significantly decreased levels were observed after both enema treatments. Overall, ascites was the sample most frequently infected. Lymph nodes contiguous to the gut were found to be infected more frequently than those close to major vessels. The histological pancreatic damage was of a significantly lesser degree in both enema treatment groups. Virtually all severe necrotico-hemorrhagic pancreatic lesions were associated with bacterial infection. These data suggest that bacterial translocation plays a relevant role in the outcome of experimental necrotizing pancreatitis. Intra-abdominal spread and lymphatics seem to be the pathways most likely involved in such processes. Colonic cleansing by non-absorbable antibiotics and lactitol seems to exert a beneficial effect on the supervening infection of experimental necrotizing pancreatitis.

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Section: Histological Studymentioning

confidence: 67%

Bacterial Translocation in the Course of Acute Pancreatitis: Beneficial Role of Nonabsorbable Antibiotics and Lactitol Enemas

Marotta

Geng²,

Wu³

et al. 1996

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“…1 This term also applies to the passage of inert particles and other macromolecules, such as lipopolysaccharide endotoxins across the intestinal mucosal barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Translocation as a Cause of Postoperative Sepsis in Surgical Patients Undergoing Laparotomy

Thapa¹,

Hamal

Yadav

et al. 2014

J Lumbini Med Coll

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Introduction: Bacterial translocation is the invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria through the gut mucosa to normally sterile tissues and the internal organs. Objective of the study is to examine the spectrum of bacteria involved in translocation in surgical patients undergoing laparotomy and to determine the relation between nodal migration of bacteria and the development of postoperative septic complications. Methods: Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)culture was done in patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results:Bacterial translocation was identified in 22 (44.8%) patients. The most common organism identified was Escherichia coli (n=11, 50%). Both enteric bacteria, typical of indigenous intestinal flora, and non-enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative septic complications developed in four (11%) patients. Septic morbidity was more frequent when a greater diversity of bacteria resided within the mesenteric lymph nodes. Conclusion: Bacterial translocation is associated with an increase in the development of postoperative sepsis in surgical patients. The organisms responsible for septic morbidity are similar in spectrum to those observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data strongly support the gut origin hypothesis of sepsis in humans. Besides, there is increased bacterial translocation in patients undergoing emergency procedures. Keywords: bacteria • laparotomy • postoperative • sepsis • translocation

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“…The passage of viable indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the intact epithelial mucosa to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and other organs has been termed bacterial translocation (1,2). In the healthy adult animal, bacterial translocation from the GI tract either does not occur or occurs at only a very low level, and the host immune defense system eliminates the translocated bacteria (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the healthy adult animal, bacterial translocation from the GI tract either does not occur or occurs at only a very low level, and the host immune defense system eliminates the translocated bacteria (2). Bacterial infections in cancer patients and other immunocompromised patients may originate from their own indigenous bowel flora (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, whether the indigenous microflora in the GI tract is the source of bacterial infection is unknown. In an experimental animal model, in mice which developed diabetes after receiving a single large-dose injection of streptozotocin (S-STZ), the indigenous bacteria were translocated from their GI tracts to their MLN or several other organs (2,6). Recently, we demonstrated that the incidence of the translocation of indigenous bacteria from the GI tract to the MLN and liver was low in multiple low-dose streptozotocin-injected (M-STZ) mice, but not in spontaneous diabetic (NOD) mice (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract in Various Mouse Models for Human Diabetes

Ohsugi

Maejima

Urano

1991

Microbiology and Immunology

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Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to other internal organs was examined in multiple low-dose streptozotocin-injected (M-STZ), single large-dose streptozotocin-injected (S-STZ), alloxan-injected (Alloxan), and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The incidence of bacterial translocation from the GI tract to the tested organs among diabetic mice was in the order of M-STZ mice> S-STZ mice>NOD, Alloxan, and control mice. The injections of insulin to M-STZ mice did not decrease the incidence of translocation.These results suggest that bacterial translocation from the GI tract in diabetic mice is not induced by diabetes.

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Bacterial Translocation from the Intestines

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Bacterial Translocation in the Course of Acute Pancreatitis: Beneficial Role of Nonabsorbable Antibiotics and Lactitol Enemas

Bacterial Translocation in the Course of Acute Pancreatitis: Beneficial Role of Nonabsorbable Antibiotics and Lactitol Enemas

Bacterial Translocation as a Cause of Postoperative Sepsis in Surgical Patients Undergoing Laparotomy

Bacterial Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract in Various Mouse Models for Human Diabetes

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