Bacterial Translocation During Traumatic Shock in Baboons

Schlag, G.; Redl, Heinz; Davies, J.; Vuuren, C. J. J. van; Smuts, P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76736-4_21

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Likewise, elevated plasma endotoxin levels were found in hemorrhagic/ traumatic shock baboons at the end of a 3-h shock period and 1 h after reinfusion [111]. This finding was further confirmed in a subchronic model in baboons consisting of oxygen debt-controlled hemorrhage together with an infusion of zymosan-activated plasma [82,111].…”

Section: Bacteria/endotoxin Translocation and Its Relation To Mofsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In rabbits, abnormally high endotoxin levels were noted in the systemic blood samples as a result of hypotensive insult, but the changes were much more pronounced in animals with MOF when compared with those without MOF at the end of shock and thereafter [112]. Likewise, elevated plasma endotoxin levels were found in hemorrhagic/ traumatic shock baboons at the end of a 3-h shock period and 1 h after reinfusion [111]. This finding was further confirmed in a subchronic model in baboons consisting of oxygen debt-controlled hemorrhage together with an infusion of zymosan-activated plasma [82,111].…”

Section: Bacteria/endotoxin Translocation and Its Relation To Mofmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Studies in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock indicated that endotoxemia was present in 33% of animals after only 30 minutes of shock, and in 88% of animals after 2 h of shock [107]. Experiments also documented the significance of the early appearance of endotoxin in the systemic blood following hemorrhage and/or trauma in both rodents and primates [75,77,82,83,101,111]. The rat studies revealed a marked, albeit transient, increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations, both in the portal and systemic circulation following hemorrhagic shock, suggesting that the endotoxin translocated from the gut at the early stage might be transported, at least in part, to the liver via the portal route [75].…”

Section: Bacteria/endotoxin Translocation and Its Relation To Mofmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-associated multiple organ failure

Yao

Redl²,

Bahrami³

et al. 1998

Inflamm. res.

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196

110

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Multiple alterations in inflammatory and immunologic function have been demonstrated in clinical and experimental situations after trauma and hemorrhage, in particular the activation of various humoral (e.g. complement, coagulation) and cellular systems (neutrophils, endothelial cells, macrophages). As a consequence of this activation process there is synthesis, expression and release of numerous mediators (toxic oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, adherence molecules, cytokines), which may produce a generalized inflammation and tissue damage in the body. Mediators are responsible for ongoing interactions of different cell types and for amplification effects through their networks and feedback cycles, finally leading to a sustained inflammation and multiple organ damage in the body. In the setting of trauma/shock, many activators including bacterial as well as non-bacterial factors may be present that will induce local and systemic inflammatory responses. Although the potential role of bacteria/endotoxin translocation and its clinical relevance remains controversial, many lines of evidence support the concept that the gut may be the reservoir for systemic sepsis and subsequent MOF in a number of pathophysiologic states.

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Section: Bacteria/endotoxin Translocation and Its Relation To Mofsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Bacteria/endotoxin Translocation and Its Relation To Mofmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Bacteria/endotoxin Translocation and Its Relation To Mofmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-associated multiple organ failure

Yao

Redl²,

Bahrami³

et al. 1998

Inflamm. res.

Self Cite

196

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Quantitative blood cultures were collected in Roche blood culture medium (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and further processed, as described elsewhere [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Redl

Martin²,

Khadem

et al. 2005

Crit Care

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“…Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were found in HTS baboons at the end of a 3-h shock period and 1 h after the beginning of reinfusion. Similarly, in a subchronic model in baboons consisting of oxygen debt-controlled hemorrhage together with an infusion of zymosan-activated plasma (with activated complement components), the highest plasma endotoxin levels were detected at the end of the 3-to 4-h shock period and at 1 h after the start of reinfusion (15,21). The results obtained in subhuman primate models are in agreement with reports of bacterial translocation, mainly in rodents (22)(23)(24)(25)(26), and provide further evidence that the phenomenon of translocation may not be limited to lower animals.…”

Section: Trauma and Shockmentioning

confidence: 96%

Large Animal Models: Baboons for Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis Studies

Redl

Bahrami

2005

Shock

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A few limited examples of large animal models are outlined, with the main emphasis on baboon models. The baboon offers all the advantages of a large animal and is comparable with humans in nearly all physiological and immunological aspects. In addition, cross-reactivity with human therapeutic and diagnostic reagents allows testing of new species-specific therapies such as antihuman antibodies, on the one hand, and monitoring with available human analytical procedures, on the other.

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Bacterial Translocation During Traumatic Shock in Baboons

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-associated multiple organ failure

The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-associated multiple organ failure

Untitled

Large Animal Models: Baboons for Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis Studies

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