Bacterial Translocation During Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Small Bowel Transplantation Is Reduced Following Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthesis1,2

Abstract

Inhibition of inducible NO synthesis with AG reduces NO production, decreases BT, and prolongs survival during GVHD after SBTx and therefore may be a useful addition to standard treatment protocols for GVHD.

Is portal venous outflow better than systemic venous outflow in small bowel transplantation? Experimental study in syngeneic rats

“…The issue of BT in SBT and the effects on liver and lung biology have been widely studied [16,17]. The unstable graft tolerance in SBT implies the integrity of the intestinal barrier and acute or chronic rejection [18][19][20][21] or graft vs host disease [18,[22][23][24] permeabilize the barrier. These studies have been performed in laboratory rats but the findings are similar to those in bigger mammals like pigs [25,26] or dogs [21].…”

Short-Term Anti-CD4 Plus Anti-TNF-α Receptor Treatment in Allogeneic Small Bowel Transplantation Results in Long-Term Survival

“…Briefly, after harvesting the complete small intestinal graft on its vascular pedicle and rinsing of the graft with heparinized saline, transplantation into the orthotopic position was performed immediately using standard microsurgical techniques (9,31).…”

“…Pathologic changes indicative of rejection or GVHD (mononuclear infiltration, cryptitis, single cell necrosis, interstitial edema, ulcers and lymphoid depletion) were graded according to a scoring system described earlier. Briefly, grade 0 ϭ no signs of rejection/GVHD; grade 1 ϭ mild rejection/GVHD; grade 2 ϭ moderate rejection/GVHD; and grade 3 ϭ severe rejection/GVHD (9,12,31). Features of chronic rejection, such as lymphoid depletion in the mesenteric lymph nodes, inflammation and/or fat resorption and endothelialitis in the mesenterium (30) were also recorded.…”

Systemic LPS Translocation Activates Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cells but Is Dispensable for the Breakdown of CD8+ T Cell Peripheral Tolerance in Irradiated Mice

“…Since chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation target rapidly dividing cells, they also affect the gastrointestinal barrier epithelial cells that have a fast turnover. In this scenario, MT-induced immune activation favors the onset of graft-versus-host disease where a major role for the LPS/TLR4 axis has been described [7–10]. …”