Bacterial tracheitis, diagnosis and treatment

Mahajan, Anand A.; Alvear, Domingo T.; Chang, Chiang‐Hua; Warren, W. Stuart; Varma, B.K.

doi:10.1016/s0165-5876(85)80074-4

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Only nine publications have described series comprising more than ten cases [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Table 1 summarizes all previously published reports that describe four or more cases of bacterial tracheitis [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Bacterial Tracheitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most case series show a slight male predominance [10,16,[18][19][20][21], but others have reported almost equal gender distribution [8,11,12].…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of affected patients no predisposing conditions are identified that would potentially render them more susceptible to severe infections [7,18,21]. Nevertheless, there is some data to suggest that children with Down syndrome may be more prone to bacterial tracheitis than the general population.…”

Section: Predisposing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most patients with bacterial tracheitis initially have prodromal symptoms suggestive of a minor URTI, including coryza, cough and low-grade fever. These are typically present for 2 to 5 days before symptoms and signs indicative of upper airway obstruction develop [1,9,10,12,18,20].…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial tracheitis – tremendously rare, but truly important: A systematic review

Tebruegge

Pantazidou

Yau

et al. 2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Bacterial tracheitis is a rare, but potentially life-threatening infection, which predominately affects children. The existing literature on this condition is relatively limited. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of the published literature on bacterial tracheitis by systematically summarizing epidemiological, radiological, clinical and microbiological aspects of the disease combined with a discussion of potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and recommendations for the management of suspected cases. Methods: Search of multiple databases including Medline/PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane database, Scopus and CINAHL. All original reports in English with four or more cases of bacterial tracheitis were included, with the exception of one paper, which provided insufficient detail. All relevant publications were searched for further references. Results: Nineteen publications were identified, which included a combined total of 300 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. The majority (72%) of patients required intubation or tracheostomy. While short-term complications including hypotension, pulmonary edema and pneumothorax were not uncommon, long-term sequelae were rare. Fatality rates varied considerably between reports (range 0-40%). The most common reported causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (41%), Haemophilus influenzae (18%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (15%), Moraxella catarrhalis (13%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (9%). Other bacterial organisms were relatively uncommon (< 3%). Conclusions: Bacterial tracheitis remains a potentially fatal infection. However, in contrast to the high mortality rates documented in some of the earlier publications, fatal outcomes in recent reports were overall relatively rare. Active management, including timely intubation, is vital to prevent complete upper airway obstruction and consequent respiratory arrest. Based on the data presented, initial antibiotic therapy should consist of broad-spectrum coverage, including an appropriate anti-staphylococcal agent, with a view to optimizing antibiotic therapy once culture and susceptibility results become available.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Bacterial Tracheitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most case series show a slight male predominance [10,16,[18][19][20][21], but others have reported almost equal gender distribution [8,11,12].…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predisposing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial tracheitis – tremendously rare, but truly important: A systematic review

Tebruegge

Pantazidou

Yau

et al. 2015

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…[16]. Im Gegensatz hierzu lässt sich das Krankheitsbild der bakteriellen Tracheitis initial nur schwer von der viralen Laryngotracheobronchitis und gelegentlich auch nicht von dem der Epiglottitis abgren zen [11,13,17], Die bakterielle Tracheitis ist eine lebens bedrohliche Erkrankung; über Todesfälle ist wiederholt berichtet worden [11,12,14] Several publications have established bacterial tracheitis as a dis tinct clinical entity that is difficult to diagnose and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Bacterial tracheitis is the term used to describe a severe infraglottic infection characterized by toxi city, brassy cough, inspiratory stridor, subglottic oedema and the presence of copious mucopurulent secretions in the trachea.…”

Section: Das Krankheitsbild Der Bakteriellen Tracheitisunclassified

Die bakterielle Tracheitis des Kindesalters

Eckel

Wiedeman²,

Michel

et al. 1993

Otorhinolaryngol Nova

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Die akuten obstruktiven AtemwegsentzÜndungen des Kindesalters sind gekennzeichnet durch einen typischen bellenden Husten («Krupphusten»), inspiratorischen Stridor, Heiserkeit und eine Obstruktion der Atemwege. Zu ihnen zÄhlt neben der diphtherischen Laryngitis, der viralen Laryngotracheobronchitis und der Epiglottitis auch die bakterielle Tracheitis. Initial Ähnelt das Krankheitsbild dem der viralen Laryngotracheobronchitis, gelegentlich aber auch der akuten Epiglottitis. Eine entsprechende Behandlung mit Anfeuchten der Atemluft, Adrenalininhalationen, Steroiden und Antibiotika fÜhrt jedoch nicht oder nur fÜr einen kurzen Zeitraum zu einer Besserung des Krankheitsbildes. Innerhalb weniger Stunden kann es zu einer respiratorischen Dekompensation oder zu einem toxischen Krankheitsbild und zum Tod des Kindes kommen. Von 38 Kindern, die im Untersuchungszeitraum wegen obstruktiver AtemwegsentzÜndungen durch die Intensivstation der UniversitÄts-Kinderklinik KÖln aufgenommen wurden, wurde bei 11 eine bakterielle Tracheitis diagnostiziert. Klinische, laborchemische und rÖntgenologische Befunde erlaubten keine zuverlÄssige Unterscheidung der Tracheitis von anderen Formen stenosierender AtemwegsentzÜndungen. Nur die Laryngotracheobronchoskopie erlaubt durch den Nachweis der typischen pathomorphologischen VerÄnderungen und den Ausschluss der wichtigsten nichtentzÜndlichen Differentialdiagnosen (FremdkÖrperaspiration, Missbildungen und Tumoren) die Diagnosestellung und die Gewinnung von Material zur bakteriologischen Untersuchung; sie fÜhrt durch eine Tracheallavage unter Sicht zugleich zu einer grundsÄtzlichen Besserung des Krankheitsbildes. Hierdurch werden die Voraussetzungen zur erfolgreichen weiteren Behandlung geschaffen. Kinder mit einer Trisomie 21 scheinen besonders hÄufig von der Krankheit betroffen zu werden.

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Upper airway obstruction

Lahiri¹

1996

Indian J Pediatr

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The airways in infants and children are anatomically different from adults, thus predisposing them to more acute upper airway obstruction. The causes of upper airway obstruction may be infective or non-infective. The presence of dysphonia, dysphagia, abnormal respiratory pattern, cough and abnormal posture suggests upper airway obstruction. The general management consist of supportive care with minimal invasive procedures. The specific treatment depends on the causes and is discussed in text.

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Bacterial tracheitis, diagnosis and treatment

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Bacterial tracheitis – tremendously rare, but truly important: A systematic review

Bacterial tracheitis – tremendously rare, but truly important: A systematic review

Die bakterielle Tracheitis des Kindesalters

Upper airway obstruction

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