Bacterial Toxins Active against Mosquitoes: Mode of Action and Resistance

Silva-Filha, Maria Helena Neves Lobo; Romão, Tatiany Patrícia; Rezende, Tatiana Maria Teodoro; Carvalho, Karine da Silva; Menezes, Heverly Suzany Gouveia de; Nascimento, Nathaly Alexandre do; Soberón, Mário; Bravo, Alejandra

doi:10.3390/toxins13080523

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 393 publications

(603 reference statements)

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“…israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus ) as well as a fermentation product of Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Spinosan). They can be used either separately or in combination, which decreases the risk of resistance of insects and enables a wider target range [ 172 ].…”

Section: Preventive Measures For Controlling Vector-borne Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-Borne Viral Diseases as a Current Threat for Human and Animal Health—One Health Perspective

Socha

Kwasnik

Larska

et al. 2022

JCM

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Over the last decades, an increase in the emergence or re-emergence of arthropod-borne viruses has been observed in many regions. Viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, or zika are a threat for millions of people on different continents. On the other hand, some arboviruses are still described as endemic, however, they could become more important in the near future. Additionally, there is a group of arboviruses that, although important for animal breeding, are not a direct threat for human health. Those include, e.g., Schmallenberg, bluetongue, or African swine fever viruses. This review focuses on arboviruses and their major vectors: mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges, and sandflies. We discuss the current knowledge on arbovirus transmission, ecology, and methods of prevention. As arboviruses are a challenge to both human and animal health, successful prevention and control are therefore only possible through a One Health perspective.

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Section: Preventive Measures For Controlling Vector-borne Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-Borne Viral Diseases as a Current Threat for Human and Animal Health—One Health Perspective

Socha

Kwasnik

Larska

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal crystal (Cry) and cytolytic (Cyt) proteins that exhibit high virulence to specific mosquito species [29][30][31]. Cry toxins have a wide range of insecticidal activity against Dipteran, Lepidopteran, and Coleopteran larvae, whereas Cyt toxins are mostly Dipteran-specific [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cry toxin binds to putative receptors, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aminopeptidase (APN), and cadherin (CAD) receptors, in the midgut epithelium of mosquitoes [46,47]. Midgut proteases break down inactive Cry protoxins at specific sites, resulting in protease-resistant active fragments [30]. Cyt1Aa binds Cry11Aa through two exposed regions, including loop β6-αE (196-EIKVSAVKE-204) and part of β7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Mosquito Densovirus with Bti Toxins Significantly Improves Pathogenicity against Aedes albopictus

Batool

Álam

Liu

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are mosquito-specific viruses that are recommended as mosquito bio-control agents. The MDV Aedes aegypti densovirus (AeDNV) is a good candidate for controlling mosquitoes. However, the slow activity restricts their widespread use for vector control. In this study, we introduced the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) toxin Cry11Aa domain II loop α8 and Cyt1Aa loop β6-αE peptides into the AeDNV genome to improve its mosquitocidal efficiency; protein expression was confirmed using nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS). Recombinant plasmids were transfected into mosquito C6/36 cell lines, and the expression of specific peptides was detected through RT-PCR. A toxicity bioassay against the first instar Aedes albopictus larvae revealed that the pathogenic activity of recombinant AeDNV was significantly higher and faster than the wild-type (wt) viruses, and mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner. The recombinant viruses were genetically stable and displayed growth phenotype and virus proliferation ability, similar to wild-type AeDNV. Our novel results offer further insights by combining two mosquitocidal pathogens to improve viral toxicity for mosquito control.

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“…israelensis (Bti), which specifically kills mosquito and black fly larvae, and does so with little effect on the environment [12]. The Bti toxin is a crystal-like protoxin that has minimal non-target effects and has not produced strong resistance in targeted mosquito populations in >30 years of use [13]. However, since the toxin is an acellular protein complex, it is subject to inactivation and does not recycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Poor Transgene Expression in the Wild-Type Chlamydomonas Chloroplast: Creation of Highly Mosquitocidal Strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Odom

Kang²,

Ferguson

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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High-level expression of transgenes in the chloroplast of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) remains challenging for many genes (e.g., the cry toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis). The bottleneck is presumed to be post-transcriptional and mediated by the 5′ element and the coding region. Using 5′ elements from highly expressed photosynthesis genes such as atpA did not improve the outcome with cry11A regardless of the promoter. However, when we employed the 5′ UTR from mature rps4 mRNA with clean fusions to promoters, production of the rCry11A protein became largely promoter-dependent. The best results were obtained with the native 16S rrn promoter (−91 to −1). When it was fused to the mature 5′ rps4 UTR, rCry11A protein levels were ~50% higher than was obtained with the inducible system, or ~0.6% of total protein. This level was sufficient to visualize the 73-kDa rCry11A protein on Coomassie-stained gels of total algal protein. In addition, analysis of the expression of these transgenes by RT-PCR indicated that RNA levels roughly correlated with protein production. Live cell bioassays using the best strains as food for 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae showed that most larvae were killed even when the cell concentration was as low as 2 × 104 cells/mL. Finally, the results indicate that these highly toxic strains are also quite stable, and thus represent a key milestone in using C. reinhardtii for mosquito control.

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Bacterial Toxins Active against Mosquitoes: Mode of Action and Resistance

Cited by 54 publications

References 393 publications

Vector-Borne Viral Diseases as a Current Threat for Human and Animal Health—One Health Perspective

Vector-Borne Viral Diseases as a Current Threat for Human and Animal Health—One Health Perspective

Recombinant Mosquito Densovirus with Bti Toxins Significantly Improves Pathogenicity against Aedes albopictus

Overcoming Poor Transgene Expression in the Wild-Type Chlamydomonas Chloroplast: Creation of Highly Mosquitocidal Strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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