Bacterial superantigen TSST-1 attenuates suppressive efficacy of glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors against blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and nephrosis

Cellular pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs for individualized medicine

“…Moreover, bacterial super antigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B, E, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, are suggested to be able to decrease lymphocyte-sensitivity to GC by induction of GR beta [143]. Thus, the stimulation of lymphocytes by super antigens after bacterial infection is one of the possible mechanisms for induction of clinical GC-resistance, which should be further investigated not only in asthma but also in several immunological disorders as well [144].…”