Bacterial sources and sinks of isoprene, a reactive atmospheric hydrocarbon

Fall, Ray; Copley, Shelley D.

doi:10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00095.x

Cited by 82 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, many studies have reported various mechanisms of hydrocarbon utilization by bacteria and microorganisms in sea water (Shennan, 2006;Brakstad and Bonaunet, 2006). For isoprene, a biological sink involving soil bacteria has been observed (Fall and Copley, 2000) , but the degradation or oxidation by marine microorganisms is not clearly established (Shaw et al, 2003). However, an average value of k bio of 0.06 day −1 has been tentatively used by Palmer and Shaw (2005) in global marine isoprene budgets.…”

Section: Turnover Of Co Alkenes and Isoprene In The Mixed Layer Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons in the Arctic Ocean during summer 2010

et al. 2013

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Abstract. During the ARK XXV 1 + 2 expedition in the Arctic Ocean carried out in June–July 2010 aboard the R/V Polarstern, we measured carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and phytoplankton pigments at the sea surface and down to a depth of 100 m. The CO and NMHC sea-surface concentrations were highly variable; CO, propene and isoprene levels ranged from 0.6 to 17.5 nmol L−1, 1 to 322 pmol L−1 and 1 to 541 pmol L−1, respectively. The CO and alkene concentrations as well as their sea–air fluxes were enhanced in polar waters off of Greenland, which were more stratified because of ice melting and richer in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) than typical North Atlantic waters. The spatial distribution of the surface concentrations of CO was consistent with our current understanding of CO-induced UV photoproduction in the sea. The vertical distributions of the CO and alkenes were comparable and followed the trend of light penetration, with the concentrations displaying a relatively regular exponential decrease down to non-measurable values below 50 m. However, no diurnal variations of CO or alkene concentrations were observed in the stratified and irradiated surface layers. On several occasions, we observed the existence of subsurface CO maxima at the level of the deep chlorophyll maximum. This finding suggests the existence of a non-photochemical CO production pathway, most likely of phytoplanktonic origin. The corresponding production rates normalized to the chlorophyll content were in the range of those estimated from laboratory experiments. In general, the vertical distributions of isoprene followed that of the phytoplankton biomass. These data support the existence of a dominant photochemical source of CO and light alkenes enhanced in polar waters of the Arctic Ocean, with a minor contribution of a biological source of CO. The biological source of isoprene is observed in the different water masses but significantly increases in the warmer Atlantic waters.

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Section: Turnover Of Co Alkenes and Isoprene In The Mixed Layer Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons in the Arctic Ocean during summer 2010

et al. 2013

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“…The phases correspond with respectively, glucose metabolism and secretion of acetoin, catabolism of acetoin, and the early stage of sporulation. The general laboratory strain B. subtilis 168 showed another pattern of isoprene emission, lacking phases 2 and 3 (Fall and Copley 2000). The function of the emitted isoprene has been postulated as being a signal molecule in the natural environment of the microorganism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The function of the emitted isoprene has been postulated as being a signal molecule in the natural environment of the microorganism. Another possible explanation for the emitted isoprene is the efflux as an overflow metabolite in the bacterial pathway to isoprenoid structures (Fall and Copley 2000). The uptake of isoprene by microorganisms present in soil samples has been described as a sink of atmospheric isoprene (Cleveland and Yavitt 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoprene in Bacillus subtilis

Julsing

Rijpkema²,

Woerdenbag

et al. 2007

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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In comparison to other bacteria Bacillus subtilis emits the volatile compound isoprene in high concentrations. Isoprene is the smallest representative of the natural product group of terpenoids. A search in the genome of B. subtilis resulted in a set of genes with yet unknown function, but putatively involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway to isoprene. Further identification of these genes would give the possibility to engineer B. subtilis as a host cell for the production of terpenoids like the valuable plantproduced drugs artemisinin and paclitaxel. Conditional knock-out strains of putative genes were analyzed for the amount of isoprene emitted. Differences in isoprene emission were used to identify the function of the enzymes and of the corresponding selected genes in the MEP pathway. We give proof on a biochemical level that several of these selected genes from this species are involved in isoprene biosynthesis. This opens the possibilities to investigate the physiological function of isoprene emission and to increase the endogenous flux to the terpenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, for the heterologous production of more complex terpenoids in B. subtilis.

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“…Terrestrial plants, marine plankton, and bacteria produce these compounds in enormous quantities, about 500 million tons annually. 12 Many bacteria produce isoprene, but of strains analyzed in the laboratory, Bacillus strains have been observed to produce the highest levels. The methylerythritol phosphate pathway is implicated in mediating isoprene production in Bacillus subtilis.…”

Section: Microbiology and Hydrocarbon Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%