Bacterial screening of platelet concentrates: results of 2 years active surveillance of transfused positive cultured units released as negative to date

Koopman, M. M. W.; Ende, E van't; Lieshout‐Krikke, Ryanne W.; Marcelis, J. H.; Smid, WM; Korte, Dirk de

doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01221.x

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The analytical sensitivity was determined in several studies and was found to be less than 1 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The culture methods were used in combination with a 'negative-to-date' concept [15][16][17][18]. All of the samples were collected from the platelet concentrates within 24 h after donation.…”

Section: Culture Methods In Combination With a 'Negative-to-date' Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Bacterial Detection Methods into Blood Donor Screening – Overview of Different Technologies

Schmidt

Sireis

Seifried³

2011

Transfus Med Hemother

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Background: Through the implementation of modern technology, such as nucleic acid testing, over the last two decades, blood safety has improved considerably in that the risk of viral infection is less than 1 in a million blood transfusions. By contrast, the residual risk of transfusion-associated bacterial infection is stable at approximately 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 3,000 in platelets. To improve blood safety with regard to bacterial infections, many countries have implemented bacterial screening methods as part of their blood donor screening programmes. Methods: Bacterial detection methods are clustered into three groups: i) culture methods in combination with the ‘negative-to-date’ concept, ii) rapid detection systems with a late sample collection, and iii) bedside screening tests. Results: The culture methods are convincing because of their very high analytical sensitivity. Nevertheless, false-negative culture results and subsequent fatalities were reported in several countries. Rapid bacterial systems are characterised as having short testing time but reduced sensitivity. Sample errors are prevented by late sample collection. Finally, bedside tests reduce the risk for sample errors to a minimum, but testing outside of blood donation services may have risks for general testing failures. Conclusion: Bacterial screening of blood products, especially platelets, can be performed using a broad range of technologies. Each system exhibits advantages and disadvantages and offers only a temporary solution until a general pathogen inactivation technology is available for all blood components.

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Section: Culture Methods In Combination With a 'Negative-to-date' Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Bacterial Detection Methods into Blood Donor Screening – Overview of Different Technologies

Schmidt

Sireis

Seifried³

2011

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…Fifteen initial positive PCs cultures could not be confirmed by reculturing of the positive BacT/Alert bottle. Two of these were already transfused but neither was involved in a transfusion reaction nor the septic period (Koopman et al, 2009). …”

Section: Strain As Identified By Sequencing Identification Confidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, origin and contamination risk of coagulase-negative staphylococci from platelet concentrates

Rood

Korte

Ramirez‐Arcos

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis is the most common microbiological risk of transfusion and is caused mostly by platelet concentrates (PCs). The most frequently identified bacterial contaminants of PCs are coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). In order to learn more about the distribution, source and risk of the CNS that are involved in bacterial contamination of PCs, CNS strains isolated during platelet screening were collected and characterized to the species level with three different methods: 16S rRNA and sodA gene sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. AFLP analysis was also used for the typing of the CNS strains. A total of 83 CNS strains were analysed by sequencing and 8 different CNS species were identified, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the predominant species. MALDI-TOF MS and AFLP analysis confirmed these results to a large extent. However, MALDI_TOF MS could not identify all strains to the species level and AFLP analysis revealed an additional, likely novel, CNS species. The species identified are mainly recognized as being part of the normal skin flora. Typing of the CNS strains by AFLP analysis showed that there was not a unique strain which is significantly more often present during bacterial contamination of PCs.

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“…Many countries have implemented automated culture systems using the negative-to-date concept to screen PCs for bacterial contamination [13,20,21,22,23]. Cultivation or incubation methods require time for signal production as they depend on microbial growth.…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods - Bacterial Screening Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Methods for Platelet Bacteria Screening: Current Status and Developments

Störmer

Vollmer

2013

Transfus Med Hemother

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Bacterial contamination of blood components and the prevention of transfusion-associated bacterial infection still remains a major challenge in transfusion medicine. Over the past few decades, a significant reduction in the transmission of viral infections has been achieved due to the introduction of mandatory virus screening. Platelet concentrates (PCs) represent one of the highest risks for bacterial infection. This is due to the required storage conditions for PCs in gas-permeable containers at room temperature with constant agitation, which support bacterial proliferation from low contamination levels to high titers. In contrast to virus screening, since 1997 in Germany bacterial testing of PCs is only performed as a routine quality control or, since 2008, to prolong the shelf life to 5 days. In general, bacterial screening of PCs by cultivation methods is implemented by the various blood services. Although these culturing systems will remain the gold standard, the significance of rapid methods for screening for bacterial contamination has increased over the last few years. These new methods provide powerful tools for increasing the bacterial safety of blood components. This article summarizes the course of policies and provisions introduced to increase bacterial safety of blood components in Germany. Furthermore, we give an overview of the different diagnostic methods for bacterial screening of PCs and their current applicability in routine screening processes.

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Bacterial screening of platelet concentrates: results of 2 years active surveillance of transfused positive cultured units released as negative to date

Abstract: Two of 158 transfusions of PCs released as 'negative to date', but with a confirmed positive BacT/ALERT result, were initially associated with transfusion reactions. However, the imputability of both reactions was low.

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Implementation of Bacterial Detection Methods into Blood Donor Screening – Overview of Different Technologies

Implementation of Bacterial Detection Methods into Blood Donor Screening – Overview of Different Technologies

Distribution, origin and contamination risk of coagulase-negative staphylococci from platelet concentrates

Diagnostic Methods for Platelet Bacteria Screening: Current Status and Developments

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