Bacterial RNA virus MS2 exposure increases the expression of cancer progression genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line

Sanmukh, Swapnil Ganesh; Santos, Nilton Barreto dos; Barquilha, Caroline N.; Carvalho, Marcelo; Reis, Patricia Dos; Delella, Flávia Karina; Carvalho, Hernandes F.; Latek, Dorota; Fehér, Tamás; Felisbino, Sérgio Luís

doi:10.3892/ol.2023.13672

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…These genes, including AKT, androgen receptor, integrin α5, MAPK1, STAT3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, are involved in normal cellular processes and tumor progression. This suggests that MS2 significantly impairs LNCaP cells by altering gene expression levels [106]. Phageʹs tumor targeting aspect is influenced by their inherent properties, including nanoparticulate features, nano-engineering load and targetability, and inherent immune stimulatory ability.…”

Section: Bacteriophages As Anticancer Therapeutic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of Therapeutics Using Bacteriophage Vectors

Venkataraman,

Shahgolzari,

Yavari

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Bacteriophages are viruses obligately infecting bacteria. They constitute the most numerous categories of biological forms populating our biosphere and are highly diverse and capable of infecting almost all bacteria. Phages make use of their host cell molecular machinery to express their own genes as they lack the ability to independently reproduce themselves. The inimitable characteristics of bacteriophages have enabled them to become propitious tools in biotechnology and genetic engineering. Phages show no tropism for mammalian cells but however, can be easily modified to present targeting ligands on their surface as coat protein fusions without any negative impacts on phage structure. These displayed ligands thereupon guide the recognition, interaction, and internalization of the phage into cells wherein efficiency of transfection is directly influenced by the copy number of the ligands used for targeting. Engineered phages are more efficacious for transgene delivery and gene expression in cancer cells when compared to other non-viral gene transfer strategies and are therefore being employed in developing cancer vaccines. The high level of stability as well as resistance of bacteriophages to various environmental conditions have enabled the development of virus-like particles (VLPs) capable of successful deliverance of several therapeutic drug cargos into tumors by selective targeting. Phage display technology has been used in therapy of Alzheimer’s disease and drug delivery into the brain. Exogenous peptides fused into the coat protein of phages enables the display of these peptides on the phage surface to generate combinatorial phage that facilitates their rapid separation using their ability to bind to a specific molecular target. Phage therapy has been shown to be safe in clinical settings when compared to antibiotics as it shows no adverse anaphylaxis nor adverse effects such as the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. This review provides intriguing details of the use of natural and engineered phages in the therapy of diseases such as cancer, bacterial infections, bovine mastitis and dementia in addition to the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in generating genetically engineered phages. Further, the use of phage display technology in generating monoclonal antibodies against various human diseases is elucidated.

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Section: Bacteriophages As Anticancer Therapeutic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of Therapeutics Using Bacteriophage Vectors

Venkataraman,

Shahgolzari,

Yavari

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…However, MS2 phages differ from filamentous phages in that they require host cell lysis to release new viral particles. MS2 phages also affect the expression of genes associated with prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation by reducing/impairing prostate cancer cell viability via caveolin-mediated endocytosis [ 139 ].…”

Section: Phage Engineering: Innovative Approaches For Design and Deve...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Phage-Based Cancer Vaccines: Current Advances and Future Directions

Ragothaman

Yoo

2023

Vaccines

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Bacteriophages have emerged as versatile tools in the field of bioengineering, with enormous potential in tissue engineering, vaccine development, and immunotherapy. The genetic makeup of phages can be harnessed for the development of novel DNA vaccines and antigen display systems, as they can provide a highly organized and repetitive presentation of antigens to immune cells. Bacteriophages have opened new possibilities for the targeting of specific molecular determinants of cancer cells. Phages can be used as anticancer agents and carriers of imaging molecules and therapeutics. In this review, we explored the role of bacteriophages and bacteriophage engineering in targeted cancer therapy. The question of how the engineered bacteriophages can interact with the biological and immunological systems is emphasized to comprehend the underlying mechanism of phage use in cancer immunotherapy. The effectiveness of phage display technology in identifying high-affinity ligands for substrates, such as cancer cells and tumor-associated molecules, and the emerging field of phage engineering and its potential in the development of effective cancer treatments are discussed. We also highlight phage usage in clinical trials as well as the related patents. This review provides a new insight into engineered phage-based cancer vaccines.

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