Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and its impact on veterinary and human medicine

Schwarz, Štefan; Loeffler, Anette; Kadlec, Kristina

doi:10.1111/vde.12362

Cited by 86 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…This finding is significantly lesser than the result (33.8%-83.3%) of previous studies (Afzal Khan et al, 2013;Burger et al, 2016;Ferdoush et al, 2016;Yang et al, 2016;Wasserman et al, 2017) among medical/pharmacy students. Apart from improving farm biosecurity and routine animal vaccination against preventable diseases, improved personal hygiene, quarantine, herd test and isolation, are important infection control practices that can potentially reduce the use of ABs and hence development of ABR (Cotta et al, 2014;Llor and Bjerrum, 2014;Guardabassi and Prescott, 2015;Schwartz et al, 2016). The teaching of these practices in Nigerian veterinary schools should be endorsed and it should begin at early stages of veterinary education so that students would be able to practice them and educate their clients/the public how to curb ABR by these means, even before they qualify as veterinarians (Afzal Khan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Medical Students’ Perceptions, Attitude and Knowledge about Antibiotic Resistance and Stewardship: How Prepared Are Our Future Prescribers?

et al. 2018

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A cross sectional, multicentre survey utilizing a questionnaire was used to assess 6 th -(final-) year veterinary medical students' perceptions, attitude and knowledge about antibiotic resistance (ABR) and stewardship (ABS) in 5 convenientlyselected veterinary schools in Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed by Fischer's exact and χ 2 tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. Out of 175 final-year veterinary students, 95 (54.3% i.e., response rate) completed the survey. Of the 95, 17% have heard about ABS and 7% knew the meaning of ABS. Less than 10% knew the core principles and goals of ABS and less than 20% of the respondents knew the ideal members of an ABS team. All the respondents rightly knew that no antibiotic stewardship programme (ASP) exist in veterinary hospitals in Nigeria, nearly all of them (97%) reported that antibiograms are rarely used during antibiotic (AB) prescription in their institutional veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) and about two-third (65%) believed that ABs are overused in most veterinary hospitals in Nigeria. Most of the respondents believed that ABR is of greater concern at national level than in their institutional VTHs and majority of them (92%) believed that ABR is a global problem (P = 0.009). Minority of the respondents knew that inadequate personal hygiene, use of substandard ABs, prescription of ABs by non-veterinarians/professionals, poor infection control practices, treating self-limiting infections with ABs, suboptimal and incomplete AB doses (P = 0.017), are factors that promote ABR. Minority of the respondents knew that education on AB therapy (44%), development of antibiotic usage policies (35%), reduction of AB use (14%), establishment of national AB resistance surveillance (28%) and development of institutional guidelines for AB use (29%), are critical interventions to curb ABR. Only 17% of the respondents felt that their education on ABR is adequate for their veterinary career. Most of the respondents believed that strong knowledge of ABs is important for their future veterinary career and would like more education about ABR and ABS. Overall mean correct score of 29% on clinical knowledge vignettes with similar scores across the schools in all the areas, was recorded. This survey has shown that Nigerian veterinary students' perception and knowledge about ABR and ABS are poor and therefore creates doubt about their preparedness to practice ABS. There is urgent need for improved ABS education in Nigerian veterinary schools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary Medical Students’ Perceptions, Attitude and Knowledge about Antibiotic Resistance and Stewardship: How Prepared Are Our Future Prescribers?

et al. 2018

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“…AMR is the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi to grow despite exposure to antimicrobial (antibacterial or antifungal) agent designed to inhibit their growth [1]. In general, microorganisms exhibit AMR by innate (e.g., absence of drug target site) and/or acquired (e.g., enzymatic degradation of drug) mechanisms conferred by AMR genes (ARGs) acquired via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (transformation, transduction, and conjugation) from other microorganisms [1,2].…”

Section: The Antimicrobial Resistance Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, microorganisms exhibit AMR by innate (e.g., absence of drug target site) and/or acquired (e.g., enzymatic degradation of drug) mechanisms conferred by AMR genes (ARGs) acquired via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (transformation, transduction, and conjugation) from other microorganisms [1,2]. AMR includes two levels of resistance, the cellular level resistance (CELR), and the community level resistance (COLR) [3,4].…”

Section: The Antimicrobial Resistance Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Nigerian medicinal plants

Anyanwu¹,

Okoye²

2017

J Intercult Ethnopharmacol

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the major threats facing mankind. The emergence and rapid spread of multi- and pan-drug-resistant organisms (such as vancomycin-, methicillin-, extended-spectrum β-lactam-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant organisms) has put the world in a dilemma. The health and economic burden associated with AMR on a global scale are dreadful. Available antimicrobials have been misused and are almost ineffective with some of these drugs associated with dangerous side effects in some individuals. Development of new, effective, and safe antimicrobials is one of the ways by which AMR burden can be reduced. The rate at which microorganisms develop AMR mechanisms outpaces the rate at which new antimicrobials are being developed. Medicinal plants are potential sources of new antimicrobial molecules. There is renewed interest in antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals. Nigeria boasts of a huge heritage of medicinal plants and there is avalanche of researches that have been undertaken to screen antimicrobial activities of these plants. Scientific compilation of these studies could provide useful information on the antimicrobial properties of the plants. This information can be useful in the development of new antimicrobial drugs. This paper reviews antimicrobial researches that have been undertaken on Nigerian medicinal plants.

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“…Âñå àíòèáèîòèêè îêàçûâàþò òîêñè÷åñêîå äåéñòâèå íà îðãàíèçì ïòèö. Ïîòðåáëåíèå ìÿñà, ñîäåðaeàùåãî àíòèáèîòèêè, íàíîñèò âðåä çäîðîâüþ ÷åëîâåêà è ÿâëÿåòñÿ àêòóàëüíîé ïðîáëåìîé âñåãî ÷åëîâå÷åñòâà [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: àâòîðû / Authorsunclassified