Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors among Dental Caries-Suspected Patients Attending the Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Private Dental Clinic in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Dental caries is a major public oral infectious disease globally due to its high prevalence and significant social impact. Many studies have been conducted on dental caries in Ethiopia; however, they fail to convey the antimicrobial resistance in the oral environment. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and biofilm formation in the bacteria isolated from dental caries and its associated factors of dental caries in THE Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and private dental clinics located at Mekelle, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020. Sociodemographic characteristic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. A total of 422 dental caries-suspected patients were selected and coronal caries scraps were collected by the dentist aseptically; these samples were transported to a microbiological laboratory to identify the antibiotic sensitivity assay and biofilm formation by the isolated pathogens. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. The P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of culture-positive samples was found to be 196 (46.4%). From the 196 culture-positive samples, 327 bacteria were isolated. Out of 327 bacterial isolates, 196 (46.4%) were identified as Streptococcus mutans and 69 (35.2%) were identified to be Staphylococcus aureus. From the isolated bacteria, 311 (95.1%) organisms were identified as positive for biofilm formation. From the AST assay, we have identified that penicillin has the highest resistance rate of 76.5%, followed by tetracycline at 64.8%. In contrast, the antibiotics such as cefoxitin and chloramphenicol have a sensitivity of 83.5% and 81.6% to all the bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the isolates was found to be 40.4%. With respect to the associated risk factors, the white spot ( AOR = 3.885 , 95% CI 1.282-11.767, P = 0.016 ), gum bleeding ( AOR = 2.820 , 95% CI 1.006-7.907, P = 0.049 ), toothache ( AOR = 2.27 , 95% CI 0.58-0.885, P = 0.033 ), and chocolate consumption ( AOR = 5.314 , 95% CI 1.760-16.040, P = 0.003 ) were statically associated with dental caries bacterial infection. Conclusion. Based on our findings, we recommend the integration of routine culture and AST into clinical practice that might support the diagnosis and management of MDR in dental caries. The education on proper dietary habits might support the prevention and control of dental caries. It is important to provide health education on how to improve oral health in the study area. The education on proper dietary habits might support the prevention and control of dental caries. Further study is needed to find the other determinant factors of dental caries.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Biji Kakao Terhadap Diameter Zona Bening Pada Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans

“…Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the concentration of cocoa bean extract has an effect on the formation of clear zones on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. As in the research, Streptococcus mutans has antibacterial properties (Kiros et al, 2022), and cocoa bean extract as a natural material in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans (Sanchez-Capa et al, 2022).…”

Toothpastes Inhibitory Effects on Microorganisms Isolated from Dental Decay of Patients Attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital, Musanze, Rwanda

“…8 Another study carried out in Ethiopia reported Streptococcus mutans as the predominant microorganism among dental decay patients. 9 Streptococcus mutans was observed as the main and threat colonizer of the dental surfaces and was reported as persecutor to tooth damage in serious conditions of dental decay. 10 In Korea, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Lactobacillus spp were reported as etiological agents of dental decay among children where the proportion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were significantly correlated with the color of the dental plaque.…”

Antibiotics in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of the Evidence beyond the Myth

“…Ampicillin, tetracyclines, and metronidazole showed the highest resistance rates, while azithromycin and ciprofloxacin had the lowest [81,[85][86][87]91].…”

“…Recent studies have investigated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in some of the major pathogenic species of the oral cavity, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp. [87,91,93].…”