Bacterial profile and drug susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection in pregnant women at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem among pregnant women. Proper investigation and prompt treatment are needed to prevent serious life threatening condition and morbidity due to urinary tract infection that can occur in pregnant women. Recent report in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia indicated the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 11.6 % and Gram negative bacteria was the predominant isolates and showed multi drug resistance. This study aimed to assess bacterial profile that causes urinary tract infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from March 22 to April 30, 2011. Mid stream urine samples were collected and inoculated into Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient medium (CLED). Colony counts yielding bacterial growth of 105/ml of urine or more of pure isolates were regarded as significant bacteriuria for infection. Colony from CLED was sub cultured onto MacConkey agar and blood agar plates. Identification was done using cultural characteristics and a series of biochemical tests. A standard method of agar disc diffusion susceptibility testing method was used to determine susceptibility patterns of the isolates.ResultsThe overall prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 10.4 %. The predominant bacterial pathogens were Escherichia coli 47.5 % followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci 22.5 %, Staphylococcus aureus 10 %, and Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 %. Gram negative isolates were resulted low susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (51.9 %) and tetracycline (40.7 %) whereas Gram positive showed susceptibility to ceftriaxon (84.6 %) and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (92.3 %). Multiple drug resistance (resistance to two or more drugs) was observed in 95 % of the isolates.ConclusionSignificant bacteriuria was observed in asymptomatic pregnant women. Periodic studies are recommended to check the outcome of asymptomatic bacteriuria and also monitor any changes in the susceptibility patterns of urinary tract pathogens in pregnant women.

Prevalence of uropathogen and their antibiotic resistance pattern among diabetic patients

“…This finding is comparable with findings reported in Gondar (91.7%-95%) [15] and Addis Ababa (92.34%). [29] However, this incidence rate is higher than the findings of other studies conducted in Gondar (59.8%) [9] and Addis Ababa (71.7%).…”

“…[9] According to the Ethiopian standard treatment guideline [27] , trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole is the first-line drug while, norfloxacin or amoxicillin is an alternative drug for the empiric treatment of uncomplicated UTI. In this study, Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, gentamicin and amoxicillin- [9,15,28,29] except the degree of resistance was higher in our cases. Even if the resistance rate and usage of drug is complicated; the cause of resistance for these drugs in this hospital might be deviation from the WHO standard prescription practices [30] which provide an environment or selection of resistant bacteria.…”

“…[14] The problem is challenging in low-income countries because of high prevalence of infection, irrational uses of antibiotics, over-thecounter availability of antibiotics and poor infection prevention practices. Hence the emerging prevalence of antibiotic resistance [15,16] and DM in Ethiopia [17] is a cause of concern for health care providers. Therefore, retrieval of updated information on the spectrum of uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a specific hospital is mandatory.…”

Determination of Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection Among the Pregnant Women with Lower Abdominal Pain

“…The involvement of lower and upper urinary tract can lead to asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic bacteriuria, respectively. women and newborn 10,12 if not treated properly.…”

“…If urinary tract infection is not controlled, it can badly affect the health of fetus and pregnant women 7,8 . Urinary tract infection during pregnancy may be symptomatic or asymptomatic 9,10 . The involvement of lower and upper urinary tract can lead to asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic bacteriuria, respectively.…”