Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Neonatal Sepsis in Nigeria; A Review of Literatures

Ekwochi, Uchenna

doi:10.5505/anatoljfm.2020.37450

“…However, it differs from the WHO recommendation for the treatment of neonatal sepsis, which involves the use of ampicillin and gentamicin, based on surveys of 56 paediatric hospitals worldwide [ 45 , 46 ]. These antibiotics are also the most commonly prescribed for neonates in African hospitals [ 45 , 47 ], and it reflects the resistance profile of relevant pathogens in our hospitals [ 48 ]. Continuous surveillance and antibiograms should be conducted because the current trend may not be what was previously obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic prescribing in children at a tertiary hospital in a resource constraint, low-income sub-Saharan African country—the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program

Akintan,

Oshun,

Osuagwu

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

0

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Background Resistance to multiple antibiotics by several pathogens has been widely described in children and has become a global health emergency. This is due to increased use by parents, caregivers, and healthcare providers. This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of antibiotic prescribing, ascertain the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs, and target improving the quality of antibiotic prescribing in the paediatric population over time in a hospital. Method A point prevalence survey of antibiotic use was performed yearly for 4 years to monitor trends in antibiotic prescribing. Data from all patients admitted before 8 a.m. on the day of the PPS were included. A web-based application designed by the University of Antwerp was used for data entry, validation, and analysis (http://www.global-pps.com). Results A total of 260 children, including 90 (34.6%) neonates and 170 (65.4%) older children, were admitted during the four surveys. Overall, 179 (68.8%) patients received at least one antibiotic. In neonates, the prevalence of antibiotic use increased from 78.9 to 89.5% but decreased from 100 to 58.8% in older children. There was a reduction in the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis from 45.7 to 24.6%. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic groups were third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The most common indications for antibiotic prescription were sepsis in neonates and central nervous system infection in older children. The documentation of reason in notes increased from 33 to 100%, while the stop-review date also increased from 19.4 to 70%. Conclusion The indicators for appropriate antibiotic prescription improved over time with the introduction of antibiotic stewardship program in the department.

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“…This is different from the WHO recommendation for treatment of neonatal sepsis, which is ampicillin and gentamicin, which is also the recommendation based on surveys of 56 paediatrics hospitals worldwide (44,46). This has been the most common antibiotics prescribed for neonates in African hospitals (44,45), and it re ects the resistance pro le of relevant pathogens in our hospitals (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point Prevalence Surveys of Antibiotic Prescribing in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in a resource constraint, low- income sub-Saharan African country.

Akintan

¹

,

Oshun

²

,

Osuagwu

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

1

0

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Background Antibiotic resistance has been widely described in children by various pathogens to multiple antibiotics, these have become a global health crisis and an emergency. Factors associated with antibiotic use are both community and hospital based as studies have reported increased use of antibiotics by parents and caregivers as well as health care providers This study aimed to describe prevalence rates of antibiotic prescribing and evaluate antibiotic prescribing practices as well as targets for improving the quality of antimicrobial prescribing in children over time. Method Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use was performed yearly for 4 years to monitor trends in antimicrobial prescribing., Data from all patients admitted before 8 am on the day of the PPS were included. A web-based application designed by the University of Antwerp was used for data-entry, validation and analysis (http://www.global-pps.com). Results A total of 260 children including 90 (34.6%) neonates and 170 (65.4%) older children were admitted during the four surveys. Overall, 179 (68.8%) patients received at least one antibiotic. In neonates, the prevalence of antibiotic use increased from 78.9–89.5% but reduced from 100–58.8% in older children. There was a reduction in the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis from 45.7–24.6%. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic groups were third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The most common indication for antibiotic prescribing was sepsis in neonates and central nervous system infection in older children. The documentation of reason in notes increased from 33–100% while stop review date also increased from 19.4–82.1%. Conclusion The prevalence of antibiotic use was high with cephalosporins being the most prescribed antibiotic.

show abstract

Point Prevalence Surveys of Antibiotic Prescribing in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in a resource constraint, low- income sub-Saharan African country.

Akintan

¹

,

Oshun

²

,

Osuagwu

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Antibiotic resistance has been widely described in children by various pathogens to multiple antibiotics, these have become a global health crisis and an emergency. Factors associated with antibiotic use are both community and hospital based as studies have reported increased use of antibiotics by parents and caregivers as well as health care providers This study aimed to describe prevalence rates of antibiotic prescribing and evaluate antibiotic prescribing practices as well as targets for improving the quality of antimicrobial prescribing in children over time. Method Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use was performed yearly for 4 years to monitor trends in antimicrobial prescribing., Data from all patients admitted before 8 am on the day of the PPS were included. A web-based application designed by the University of Antwerp was used for data-entry, validation and analysis (http://www.global-pps.com). Results A total of 260 children including 90 (34.6%) neonates and 170 (65.4%) older children were admitted during the four surveys. Overall, 179 (68.8%) patients received at least one antibiotic. In neonates, the prevalence of antibiotic use increased from 78.9–89.5% but reduced from 100–58.8% in older children. There was a reduction in the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis from 45.7–24.6%. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic groups were third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The most common indication for antibiotic prescribing was sepsis in neonates and central nervous system infection in older children. The documentation of reason in notes increased from 33–100% while stop review date also increased from 19.4–82.1%. Conclusion The prevalence of antibiotic use was high with cephalosporins being the most prescribed antibiotic.

show abstract

Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Neonatal Sepsis in Nigeria; A Review of Literatures

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic prescribing in children at a tertiary hospital in a resource constraint, low-income sub-Saharan African country—the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program

Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic prescribing in children at a tertiary hospital in a resource constraint, low-income sub-Saharan African country—the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program

Point Prevalence Surveys of Antibiotic Prescribing in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in a resource constraint, low- income sub-Saharan African country.

Point Prevalence Surveys of Antibiotic Prescribing in Children at a Tertiary Hospital in a resource constraint, low- income sub-Saharan African country.

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