Bacterial Population in Intestines of the Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) under Different Growth Stages

Abstract

Intestinal bacterial communities in aquaculture have been drawn to attention due to potential benefit to their hosts. To identify core intestinal bacteria in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), bacterial populations of disease-free shrimp were characterized from intestines of four developmental stages (15-day-old post larvae (PL15), 1- (J1), 2- (J2), and 3-month-old (J3) juveniles) using pyrosequencing, real-time PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approaches. A total of 25,121 pyrosequencing reads (reading length = 442±24 bases) were obtained, which were categorized by barcode for PL15 (7,045 sequences), J1 (3,055 sequences), J2 (13,130 sequences) and J3 (1,890 sequences). Bacteria in the phyla Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were found in intestines at all four growth stages. There were 88, 14, 27, and 20 bacterial genera associated with the intestinal tract of PL15, J1, J2 and J3, respectively. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Proteobacteria (class Gammaproteobacteria) was a dominant bacteria group with a relative abundance of 89% for PL15 and 99% for J1, J2 and J3. Real-time PCR assay also confirmed that Gammaproteobacteria had the highest relative abundance in intestines from all growth stages. Intestinal bacterial communities from the three juvenile stages were more similar to each other than that of the PL shrimp based on PCA analyses of pyrosequencing results and their DGGE profiles. This study provides descriptive bacterial communities associated to the black tiger shrimp intestines during these growth development stages in rearing facilities.

Advances, challenges, and directions in shrimp disease control: the guidelines from an ecological perspective

“…Similar patterns have been observed in shrimp intestinal microbiota (Huang et al 2016;Rungrassamee et al 2013;Zheng et al 2016), although the lack of biological replicates impedes the screening of core taxa. Given the distinct gut bacterial composition between healthy and diseased shrimp (Xiong et al 2015b;Zheng et al 2016), sensitive assemblages (i.e., bacterial family level) that closely associated shrimp age and health status could be screened for the quantitative prediction of disease incidence (Rogers et al 2013;Xiong et al 2014b), even in the absence of mechanistic clarity.…”

“…Indeed, recent reviews have highlight the importance of ecological theory to manipulate intestinal microbiota for disease control in aquaculture (De Schryver and Vadstein 2014;Ninawe and Selvin 2009). In contrast, we note the substantial variations of the intestinal probiotics and pathogens over shrimp growth stages (Rungrassamee et al 2013;Zheng et al 2016), thus infer therapeutic strategies based on shrimp age, especially establishment of a desired gut microbiota in larvae guided by ecological theory. In addition, we briefly summarize the currently available methods that qualitatively evaluate shrimp status.…”

“…However, it should be noted that the healthy human gut microbiota is relatively stable , while the intestinal community of aquatic animals is highly dynamic Zheng et al 2016). In fact, there is increasing evidence that shrimp intestinal bacterial compositions are substantially distinct in different growth stages (Cheung et al 2015;Huang et al 2016;Rungrassamee et al 2013). The key rationale behind this is that the rapidly developing gut microenvironment selects specific bacterial taxa at a given growth stage ).…”

“…This information is imperative for developing suitable microbial management strategies to prevent pathogenic invasion (De Schryver and Vadstein 2014;Sandi and Rawls 2012;Stecher et al 2010). Given that the early colonizers of the shrimp intestine exhibit a natural barrier against subsequent bacterial colonization (Pérez et al 2010;Rungrassamee et al 2013), the initial colonization may contribute persistent consequences for larval health (Rogers et al 2013). However, disinfection (e.g., ultraviolet irradiation, antimicrobial agents) has been routinely applied to control potential pathogens in hatcheries (Summerfelt et al 2009).…”

Growth Promoting Potential and Colonization Ability of Probiotics (Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis) on the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae

“…in M. rosenbergii [47]. The probiotics play an important role in healthy maintenance gut micro lora of the host, which prevents colonization of harmful bacteria and stimulates the immune system [48][49][50][51]. The presence of at least 10 bacterial genera Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Lactococcus sp., Enterobacteria sp., Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp., and Streptococcus sp., have been isolated from the gut of ishes Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus [52].…”