Bacterial Polysaccharides: Production and Applications in Cosmetic Industry

Freitas, Filomena; Alves, Vítor D.; Reis, Maria A.M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_63

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid, bacterial cellulose, levan, and GG play a crucial role as active ingredients. GG aims to enhance water retention and alter rheological characteristics [ 129 ]. GG is a key component in numerous cosmetics, serving to enhance viscosity and act as a stabilizer for certain emulsions applied to and left on the skin.…”

Section: Applications Of Gellan Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends

Abdl Aali,

Al-Sahlany

2024

Gels

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Gellan gum (GG) is a linear, negatively charged exopolysaccharide that is biodegradable and non-toxic. When metallic ions are present, a hard and transparent gel is produced, which remains stable at a low pH. It exhibits high water solubility, can be easily bio-fabricated, demonstrates excellent film/hydrogel formation, is biodegradable, and shows biocompatibility. These characteristics render GG a suitable option for use in food, biomedical, and cosmetic fields. Thus, this review paper offers a concise summary of microbial polysaccharides. Moreover, an in-depth investigation of trends in different facets of GG, such as biosynthesis, chemical composition, and physical and chemical properties, is emphasized. In addition, this paper highlights the process of extracting and purifying GG. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of GG concerning other polysaccharides is presented. Moreover, the utilization of GG across different industries, such as food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., is thoroughly examined and will greatly benefit individuals involved in this field who are seeking fresh opportunities for innovative projects in the future.

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Section: Applications Of Gellan Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends

Abdl Aali,

Al-Sahlany

2024

Gels

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“…26,29 Insofar as they are renewable, biodegradable and usually hydrophilic polymers, polysaccharides produced from biological sources are considered safe for use. As such, they have numerous applications, 30 including in the food, 31 pharmaceuticals 32 and cosmetics 33 industries. This wide applicability is due to the variability in the characteristics of each polysaccharide, which depends on its functional groups and its structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorption of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions by soluble renewable polysaccharides

Levy-Ontman,

Paz-Tal,

Alfi

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…At present, the global market demand for gellan is about 10,000 tons, and as a new microbial polysaccharide, demand is still growing. Furthermore, its potential use as an alternative to gelatin and agar makes it the most significant commercialized bacterial exopolysaccharide (3). Market demand for gellan has been increasing year by year, with an annual growth rate of more than 30% (4, 5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carotenoid- and Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate-Free Mutant Strain of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461 for the Commercial Production of Gellan

Luo

et al. 2019

mSphere

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Gellan gum is a microbial exopolysaccharide, produced after aerobic fermentation using the Gram-negative bacterium strain Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. Due to its unique structure and excellent physical characteristics, gellan gum has a broad range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, and other industries where it is used for stabilizing, emulsifying, thickening, and suspending. During the fermentative production of gellan, strain ATCC 31461 also accumulates large amounts of the metabolic by-products yellow carotenoid pigments and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), which is decreasing the gellan production and increasing processing costs. A pigment PHB-free mutant was obtained by knocking out the phytoene desaturase gene (crtI) in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and the phaC gene, encoding a PHB synthase for the polymerization of PHB. Unfortunately, the double gene knockout mutant produced only 0.56 g liter−1 gellan. Furthermore, blocking PHB and carotenoid synthesis resulted in the accumulation of pyruvate, which reduced gellan production. To elevate gellan production, combined UV irradiation and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis treatment were used. A mutant strain with the same level of pyruvate as that of the wild-type strain and higher gellan production was isolated (1.35 g liter−1, 132.8% higher than the double gene knockout mutant and 14.4% higher than the wild-type strain ATCC 31461). In addition, a new gellan gum recovery method based on the new mutant strain was investigated, in which only 30% isopropanol was required, which is twice for the wild-type strains, and the performance of the final product was improved. Thus, the mutant strain could be an ideal strain for the commercial production of gellan. IMPORTANCE A carotenoid- and PHB-free double gene knockout strain mutant was constructed to simplify the purification steps normally involved in gellan production. However, the production of gellan gum was unexpectedly reduced. A mutant with 14.4% higher gellan production than that of the wild-type strain was obtained and isolated after employing UV and EMS combined mutagenesis. Based on this high-yield and low-impurity-producing mutant, a new recovery method requiring less organic solvent and fewer operating steps was developed. This method will effectively reduce the production costs and improve the economic benefits of large-scale gellan production.

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Bacterial Polysaccharides: Production and Applications in Cosmetic Industry

Cited by 16 publications

References 77 publications

Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends

Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends

Biosorption of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions by soluble renewable polysaccharides

A Carotenoid- and Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate-Free Mutant Strain of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461 for the Commercial Production of Gellan

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