Bacterial modulation of mucosal innate immunity

Kelly, Denise; Conway, Shaun

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.12.003

Cited by 84 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, the resident microflora contains a number of components able to activate innate and adaptive immunity (288). In consequence, immune responses to mucosal microbiota require a precise regulatory control and unlimited immune activation in response to signals from commensal bacteria could pose the risk of inflammation (193,194,196,250). Importantly, resident microbiota bacteria are recognized to suppress unnecessary inflammatory response, thereby helping to maintain immune homeostasis (194).…”

Section: Intestinal Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In consequence, immune responses to mucosal microbiota require a precise regulatory control and unlimited immune activation in response to signals from commensal bacteria could pose the risk of inflammation (193,194,196,250). Importantly, resident microbiota bacteria are recognized to suppress unnecessary inflammatory response, thereby helping to maintain immune homeostasis (194). An improved understanding of commensal bacteria-host interactions has been obtained employing germfree animal models with selective colonization strategies combined with modern molecular techniques.…”

Section: Intestinal Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Front Line of Enteric Host Defense against Unwelcome Intrusion of Harmful Microorganisms: Mucins, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Microbiota

2006

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SUMMARY The intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that combines resident microbiota and the cells of various phenotypes with complex metabolic activities that line the epithelial wall. The intestinal cells that make up the epithelium provide physical and chemical barriers that protect the host against the unwanted intrusion of microorganisms that hijack the cellular molecules and signaling pathways of the host and become pathogenic. Some of the organisms making up the intestinal microbiota also have microbicidal effects that contribute to the barrier against enteric pathogens. This review describes the two cell lineages present in the intestinal epithelium: the goblet cells and the Paneth cells, both of which play a pivotal role in the first line of enteric defense by producing mucus and antimicrobial peptides, respectively. We also analyze recent insights into the intestinal microbiota and the mechanisms by which some resident species act as a barrier to enteric pathogens. Moreover, this review examines whether the cells producing mucins or antimicrobial peptides and the resident microbiota act in partnership and whether they function individually and/or synergistically to provide the host with an effective front line of defense against harmful enteric pathogens.

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Section: Intestinal Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Front Line of Enteric Host Defense against Unwelcome Intrusion of Harmful Microorganisms: Mucins, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Microbiota

2006

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“…Digestive bacteria are viewed as integral components of poultry production and as first-line defenders against human foodborne enteropathogen colonization in poultry (Cebra, 1999;Kelly and Conway, 2005). Bacterial formulations have been extensively promoted as performance enhancers and as anti-enteropathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Ileal and Cecal Fungus Communities in Broilers Given Probiotics, Specific Essential Oil Blends, and Under MixedEimeriaInfection

Hume

Hernandez

Barbosa

et al. 2012

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…It is now evident that TLRs react to conserved microbial structures from both pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes (8). Although this does not play a role for the recognition of microbes in blood monocytes or tissue macrophages that are embedded in sterile compartments, it does represent a problem for mucosal surfaces, which are regularly exposed to microbes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Recognition of TLR-Dependent Microbial Ligands in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Mayer

Muehmer

Mages

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

167

154

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*Bronchial epithelial cells represent the first line of defense against invading airborne pathogens. They are important contributors to innate mucosal immunity and provide a variety of antimicrobial effectors. However, mucosal surfaces are prone to contact with pathogenic, as well as nonpathogenic microbes, and therefore, immune recognition principles have to be tightly controlled to avoid uncontrolled permanent activation. TLRs have been shown to recognize conserved microbial patterns and to mediate inducible activation of innate immunity. Our experiments demonstrate that bronchial epithelial cells express functional TLR1-6 and TLR9 and thus make use of a common principle of professional innate immune cells. Although it was observed that TLR2 ligands dependent on heterodimeric signaling either with TLR1 or TLR6 were functional, other ligands like lipoteichoic acid were not. Additionally, it was found that bronchial epithelial cells could be stimulated only marginally by Gram-positive bacteria bearing known TLR2 ligands while Gram-negative bacteria were easily recognized. This correlated with low expression of TLR2 and the missing expression of the coreceptor CD36. Transgenic expression of both receptors restored responsiveness to the complete set of TLR2 ligands and Staphylococcus aureus. Additional gene-array experiments confirmed hyporesponsiveness to this bacterium while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and respiratory syncytial virus induced common, as well as pathogen-specific, sets of genes. The findings indicate that bronchial epithelium regulates its sensitivity to recognize microbes by managing receptor expression levels. This could serve the special needs of controlled microbial recognition in mucosal compartments.

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Bacterial modulation of mucosal innate immunity

Cited by 84 publications

References 69 publications

The Front Line of Enteric Host Defense against Unwelcome Intrusion of Harmful Microorganisms: Mucins, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Microbiota

The Front Line of Enteric Host Defense against Unwelcome Intrusion of Harmful Microorganisms: Mucins, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Microbiota

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Ileal and Cecal Fungus Communities in Broilers Given Probiotics, Specific Essential Oil Blends, and Under MixedEimeriaInfection

Differential Recognition of TLR-Dependent Microbial Ligands in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

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