Bacterial Metabolism in Wastewater Treatment Systems

Gallert, Claudia; Winter, Josef

doi:10.1002/9783527620944.ch2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Low lipid content (4.9 g/100 g) had been reported from a MSW sample derived from food wastes emanating from fruit and vegetable markets, households, hotels and juice production centers [33]. Generally, MSW that contains waste food materials have a higher lipid content than those which are derived from wood and paper [34,35]. The protein and total nitrogen concentrations of this MSW sample were similar to those reported by Ponsá et al and Rao et al [32,33].…”

Section: Composition Of Mswsupporting

confidence: 72%

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

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This paper explores the possibility of using an industrially processed municipal solid waste (MSW) for cellulase enzyme production via solid state fermentation (SSF) by Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Both fungi grew well on the MSW substrate and production of cellulase enzymes was optimized for temperature, moisture content, inoculation and period of incubation. The effect of additional minerals, and alternative carbon and nitrogen sources were also examined.Following optimization a cellulase activity of 26.10 ± 3.09 FPU/g could be produced using T. reesei at 30°C with a moisture content of 60% with an inoculums of 0.5 million spores/g and incubation for 168 hours. Addition of extra nitrogen and/or carbon did not improve cellulase accumulation. Acid or alkali pretreatment of MSW led to reduced cellulase production. Crude enzymes produced from MSW by T. reesei were evaluated for their ability to release glucose from MSW. A cellulose hydrolysis yield of 24.7% was achieved, which was close to that obtained using a commercial enzyme. Results demonstrated that MSW can be used as an inexpensive lignocellulosic material for the production of cellulase enzymes. Research has revealed that T. reesei can produce 13.4 FPU/g cellulase activity using water hyacinth [8]; 154.58 FPU/g using sugar cane bagasse [10]; 8.2 FPU/g using oil palm empty fruit bunches [11]; and 1.16 FPU/g using rice bran [12] as substrates. Similarly it has been reported that A. Niger could produce 24 FPU/g cellulase activity using wheat straw as a substrate [13]. Other substrates such as banana peel, rice straw, corn cob residue, rice husk, banana fruit stalk, and coconut coir pith have all being used for cellulase production [14,15]. Optimizing Cellulase Production fromAlthough MSW can contain a high lignocellulosic content, there has been limited research into the use of MSW for cellulase production. Other research demonstrated the possibility of using MSW to produce cellulase via SSF. But by using raw not autoclave MSW [16,17]. In this paper, we report an example of using an industrially processed MSW for cellulase production and then the use of the resulting "cellulase cocktail" for the enzymatic hydrolysis of MSW. Materials and Methods Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste (MSW) was kindly supplied by Wilson Steam Storage Ltd (UK). The MSW had been subjected to commercial steam 15 min, respectively. After autoclaving, samples were neutralized to pH 7.0 using either 1 M NaOH or 1 M H 2 SO 4 as appropriate. The samples were then centrifuged at 5000 rpm (4472 g) for 10 min. The solid fraction (pellet) was rinsed three times by adding distilled water to the pellet and re-centrifuged. The solid fraction was then dried overnight at room temperature. Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and ApplicationsMicroorganisms: Two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma reesei QM6a and Aspergillus niger N402 were kindly donated by Professor David Archer (University of Nottingham, UK). Procedures for storing and cultivating T. reesei and A. n...

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Section: Composition Of Mswsupporting

confidence: 72%

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Abdullah

Greetham

Pensupa

et al. 2016

J Fundam Renewable Energy

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“…In anaerobic conditions, if SO 4 2− is present, then SO 3 2− and CO 2 will form. On the other hand, if SO 4 2− is absent, then CH 4 and CO 2 will form under anaerobic conditions (Gallert and Winter 2005;Mohan and Srivastava 2011;Leja and Lewandowicz 2010a, b). A larger amount of CO 2 is produced at the lowest pH with lignolytic fungi (Kale et al 2015a, b).…”

Section: Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the processing of wastewater, activated sludge reactors lose much of their energy as heat. Under growth-limiting conditions, the ATP consumption rate is increased and less energy is available for cellular growth and metabolism (Gallert and Winter 2005). Bode et al (2000) investigated the physiological and chemical process of biodegradation of synthetic poly (cis-1,4-isoprene) polymer and found that two bacterial strains, i.e., Streptomyces coelicolor 1A and Pseudomonas citronellolis, were able to utilize degraded vulcanized natural rubber and synthetic poly(cis-1,4-isoprene).…”

Section: Microbial Metabolism and Physiological Processing Of Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial enzymes are the ultimate source to hydrolyze only low molecular weight and soluble macromolecules. These soluble compounds are exploited by microorganisms for energy production (Gallert and Winter 2005). Microbial degradation of polymers leads to alteration of the physicochemical properties of materials.…”

Section: Microbial Metabolism and Physiological Processing Of Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach

Pathak

Bithel

2017

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

571

241

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Inertness and the indiscriminate use of synthetic polymers leading to increased land and water pollution are of great concern. Plastic is the most useful synthetic polymer, employed in wide range of applications viz. the packaging industries, agriculture, household practices, etc. Unpredicted use of synthetic polymers is leading towards the accumulation of increased solid waste in the natural environment. This affects the natural system and creates various environmental hazards. Plastics are seen as an environmental threat because they are difficult to degrade. This review describes the occurrence and distribution of microbes that are involved in the degradation of both natural and synthetic polymers. Much interest is generated by the degradation of existing plastics using microorganisms. It seems that biological agents and their metabolic enzymes can be exploited as a potent tool for polymer degradation. Bacterial and fungal species are the most abundant biological agents found in nature and have distinct degradation abilities for natural and synthetic polymers.

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“…Microbial enzymes have been applied and evaluated to hydrolyze and dissolve fats from wastewater during the pretreatment of fish industry effluent (Valente et al, 2010), dairy effluent (Rosa et al, 2009;Mendes et al, 2006;Leal et al, 2002;Cammarota et al, 2001), effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse (Valladão et al, 2007), and effluent from a swine slaughterhouse (Masse et al, 2003). Gallert and Winter (2005) described that maximum hydrolytic activity, provided by enzymes present in medium, can be achieved when lipid fraction of effluent is emulsified, that is, when there is dispersion of lipids in water like microscopic droplets (Desai and Banat, 1997). Emulsion can be obtained by the action of chemical surfactants or microbial origin (biosurfactants).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of biosurfactant surfactin produced from cassava wastewater for anaerobic treatment of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse

Cosmann¹,

Gomes²,

Gomes³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The use of a biosurfactant surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis LB5a in cassava growth medium (cassava wastewater) was evaluated to treat anaerobically, the effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse. During the effluent pretreatment, effects of surfactin concentration factors were evaluated, considering the ones which were superior and below its critical micelle concentration (CMC = 28 mg L -1 ): 6, 13, 27, 31, 48, 73 and 56 mg L -1 and temperature (25, 30, 42.5, 55 and 60°C) up to 6 h, using the rotational central composite design. During anaerobic treatment, flasks were filled with anaerobic sludge as inoculum and a pretreated effluent for 4.5 h in its different concentrations of surfactin. Reactors were connected to eudiometers under static system at 34°C. During the pretreatment phase, there was a direct ratio between temperature and surfactin concentrations according to the increase of organic matter solubilization, measured by soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). These results have shown surfactin applicability produced by B. subtilis LB5a during the anaerobic treatment of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse; as for all treatments, there was no inhibition of microbial consortium of the anaerobic sludge. SCOD removal was above 80%, while oil and greases removal was above 70%, plus a propitious specific methane yield.

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Bacterial Metabolism in Wastewater Treatment Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 132 publications

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Optimizing Cellulase Production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach

Use of biosurfactant surfactin produced from cassava wastewater for anaerobic treatment of effluent from a poultry slaughterhouse

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